Cellular Fatty Acid Spectra of Pediococcus Species in Relation to Their Taxonomy

Uchida, Kinji; Mogi, Koya

doi:10.2323/jgam.18.109

Cited by 52 publications

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“…As shown in Table 1, the fatty acid composition of the bacterium was characterized by a high content of anteis0 acids (77% of the total fatty acids). The pattern resembles that of Micrococcus ( 7 , 8, 13, 14) but differs markedly from that of salt-tolerant Pediococcus halophilus (22).…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 68%

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Micrococcus halobius sp. n.

Ōnishi

Kamekura

1972

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A moderately halophilic coccus is described which possesses morphological and physiological characteristics most nearly corresponding to those of members of the genus Micrococcus. The organism was isolated from unrefined solar salt and is a moderate halophile; no growth occurs in media without added NaC1, but good growth is observed in media containing 1 to 4 M NaCl or KC1. The characteristics of this organism are sufficiently discrete to suggest that it be placed in a new species, for which the name Micrococcus halobius is proposed. The type strain is 28-3 ( = ATCC 2 1727).A moderately halophilic coccus was isolated from unrefined solar salt and was found to produce a considerable amount of halophilic amylase of unique salt response (17, 18). The present paper describes the morphological and physiological properties of this bacterium, which is sufficiently different from previously described cocci to be recognized as a new species. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strain. A moderately halophilic coccus was isolated from unrefined solar salt of unknown origin obtained from Noda, Japan. The organism was given the strain designation 28-3 and was deposited at the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., as ATCC 2 1727.Measurement of growth. The bacterium was grown in the complex medium (SGC) of Sehgal and Gibbons (20) and in nutrient broth, to each of which was added NaCl, KCl, or glucose. Inocula (0.1 ml) from a 2-dayold culture grown in 2 M NaCl SGC medium were added to 500-ml shake flasks containing 80 ml of medium. The flasks were shaken at 30 C on a reciprocal shaker operating at 140 rev/min with a stroke of 7.5 cm. Turbidity was measured in 10-mm cuvettes at 660 nm against an uninoculated blank.Media and methods for characterization. Most of the methods used to characterize the organism have been described previously (21), except that 1 M NaCl medium was used unless stated otherwise.Nutrient broth ( 1 M NaCl) or agar was used for morphological and cultural observations. Acid production was determined by using MOF medium (12) containing 1 M NaC1. Nitrate reduction was determined by using a medium of the following composition: 0.1% K N 0 3 , 1.0% polypeptone, 2.0% MgS04.7H,0, 0.2% KCl, 0.3% sodium citrate, 5.8% NaC1, and 2.3 mg% FeCI,, p H 7.0. Media containing 2, 3, or 4 M NaCl were also employed. The utilization of NH,H,PO, was tested by using a medium of the following composition: 0.1% N H 4 H z P 0 4 , 1.0% glucose, 0.2% KC1, 2.0% MgSO,. 7H 20, 5.8% NaCI, 0.001 TO bromocresol purple, 2.3 mg% FeCl,, 0.4 pg of thiamine per ml, 0.001 pg of biotin per ml, and 1.5% agar, p H 7.0. Vitamin requirements were determined by adding the following nine vitamins to yeast extract-free SGC medium (pg/ml): DNA base composition. The bacterium was aerobically cultivated in 2 M NaCl SGC medium at 30 C for 60 hr. The procedure of Marmur (15) was used for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Two methods were employed to analyze the base composition of the isolated DNA: (i) determination of the guanine plus cyto...

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Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The bacterium was aerobically cultivated in 1 M NaC1-SGC medium at 30 C for 3 days. Methods for the extraction, methylation, and identification of fatty acids were substantially the same as those described by Uchida and Mogi (22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micrococcus halobius sp. n.

Ōnishi

Kamekura

1972

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…This means that our strains represent a physiological group which is quite different from the other bacterial groups whose fatty acid compositions have been examined. Many bacterial groups have fatty acid patterns that are comprised mainly of CI6 and CI8 acids (15,17,22,27). Compared with these bacteria, our strains have a unique cellular fatty acid composition, which consists of acids with chains that are two carbon atoms longer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an Extremely Thermophilic, Aerobic, Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium

Kawasumi¹,

Igarashi²,

Kodama³

et al. 1984

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

151

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Six strains of strictly thermophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from hot springs located in Izu and Kyushu, Japan. The bacterial strains which we tested were gram negative, nonmotile, nonsporeforming, long, straight, and rod shaped. The cell size was 0.3 to 0.5 by 2.0 to 3.0 pm. The deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the six strains were between 43.5 and 43.9 mol%. The optimal temperature for autotrophic growth on H2-02-CO2 was between 70 and 75°C. None of the strains grew at 37 or 80°C. The neutral pH range was suitable for growth. No strain showed heterotrophic growth at the expense of 48 organic compounds or on complex media, in contrast to all other known aerobic hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria which are facultative autotrophs. The major cellular fatty acids were a straight-chain saturated c 1 8 : O acid and a straight-chain unsaturated CzOT1 acid with one double bond. C16:o and c 1 8 : 1 fatty acids and a C21:0 cyclopropane acid were minor components. Cytochromes b and c were found in all of the strains. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of the total soluble proteins of all of the strains were essentially the same. The name Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed for the six new isolates, and type strain TK-6 has been deposited with the culture collection of the Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo, as strain IAM 12695.Five species of aerobic , thermophilic , hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria have been described previously. These are Hydrogenomonas thermophilus (21), Pseudomonas thermophila K-2 (13), Pseudomonas hydrogenothermophila (14), Flavobacterium autothermophilum (14), and Bacillus schlegelii (2, 24). These organisms are all aerobic, facultative chemolithotrophs. Methanobacteriirm thermoautotrophicum (29) is thermophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic, and hydrogen oxidizing but is strictly anaerobic and methane producing. The aerobic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria (both mesophiles and thermophiles) are all facultative lithoautotrophs that are capable of growing heterotrophically on various kinds of organic compounds. Therefore, the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria are assumed to form a physiological group containing no obligate chemolithoautotrophs, in contrast to other chemolithoautotrophic bacterial groups.In this paper we describe the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics of six newly isolated strains of aerobic, thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria which are obligate chemolithoautotrophs. MATERIALS AND METHODSIsolation of bacteria. The isolation procedure which we used has been described previously (18). Water and soil samples were collected from hot springs in Izu and Kyushu, Japan.Bacterial strains isolated. Strains TK-6r (T = type strain), TK-38, TK-120, TK-F, TK-G, and TK-H were isolated and investigated in this study.Culture medium and cultivation of bacteria. The basal medium had the same composition and pH (7.2) as the isolation medium described previously (18), except t...

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“…On the basis of the quinone system (28), DNA base composition (39.0 %) (14), and cellular fatty acid composition, it is reasonable to conclude that C. hutchinsonii is one of the species in the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex with the low GEC contents. Cellular fatty acid composition (71,72,89,90) and the quinone system (28,63,72,(83)(84)(85)(86)(87)(88) are recognized as useful characteristics for differentiation of bacteria at the generic level. Considering the peculiar cellular fatty acid composition and uncommon quinone system, the strains of species in the FlavobacteriumCytophaga complex with low G+C content might be strains of species in a single genus.…”

Section: Grouping Of Strains Of Species In the Flavobacteruim-cytophamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

Oyaizu

Komagata

1981

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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Quinone systems, DNA base composition, cellular fatty acid composition, and phenotypic characteristics of 41 strains of named Flavobacterium species, 10 strains of named Cytophaga species, and 16 isolates belonging to the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga complex were investigated. These strains were divided into two major groups on the basis of the quinone systems and DNA base composition: The ubiquinone system (Q-8 or Q-10) and high values in DNA base composition (64.1 to 69.2%) were found in one group. The strains in this group were divided into three clusters based on the cellular fatty acid composition and phenotypic characteristics. In this respect they were related to Pseudomonas or Alcaligenes species. The other group was characterized by the presence of the menaquinone system (MK-6 or MK-7), low values in DNA base composition (30.6 to 44.8 %), and the presence of iso-and anteiso-acids in the cellular fatty acids. The strains of this group were separated into four clusters based on cellular fatty acid composition. All the named strains of Cytophaga species were included in this group. Cytophaga species were recognized by chemotaxonomic characteristics, and the accommodation of Flavobacterium aquatile strain Taylor F36 (=ATCC 11947=NCIB 8694), the type strain of the type species of the genus Flavobacterium, was discussed.Aerobic, yellow pigment-producing rods are found in various environments, and the genus Flavobacterium was established for such bacteria in 1923 by BERGEY et al. (1). When they proposed it, gram positive species, gram negative polarly flagellated species, and several fermentative species were included in the generic concept. Since pigmentation has little significant meaning in bacterial taxonomy, some of these Flavobacterium species are recognized as coryneforms, pseudomonads, and coliforms in the successive editions of Bergey's Manual of Detreminative Bacteriology. Gram negative polarly flagellated species were eliminated in

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Cellular Fatty Acid Spectra of Pediococcus Species in Relation to Their Taxonomy

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Micrococcus halobius sp. n.

Micrococcus halobius sp. n.

Hydrogenobacter thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., an Extremely Thermophilic, Aerobic, Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium

Chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization of the strains of species in the Flavobacterium-cytophaga complex.

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