Cellular immune factors associated with mother-to-infant transmission of HIV

Clerici, Mario; Sison, Antonio; Berzofsky, Jay A.; Rakusan, Tamara A.; Brandt, Carl D.; Ellaurie, Maadhava; Villa, Matteo; Colie, Christine; Venzon, David; Sever, John L.; Shearer, Gene M.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199311000-00004

Cited by 107 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…In contrast to the objective of the studies of survivors and non-progressors which is to investigate mechanisms of survival after infection, this latter population can be used in the search for a correlate of protective immunity against HIV infection. At least 10 publications have reported detecting T cell responses in seronegative individuals including gay men (15,16), discordant sexual couples (13, 18, 23), newborns of HIV-infected mothers (17,(19)(20)(21) and accidentally exposed HCW (22). The present study extends the preliminary HCW report (22), which tested T helper cell responses in eight exposed HCW and nine controls, to now include 28 HIV-exposed seronegative HCW and 38 controls, and importantly also tests for env-specific CTL, as well for T possibility that this mechanism explains our findings seems unlikely based on the fact that dendritic cells represent 1 to 2% of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the volume of blood transferred was very small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, several laboratories have recently reported that exposure to HIV, in the absence of seroconversion, can induce HIV-specific cell mediated immune responses that have been suggested to contribute to virus clearance (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Accumulating evidence suggests that a rapid and effective CTL response during an invasive exposure to HIV might be involved in clearing the organism of the first infected cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ENV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV seronegative health care workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids.

et al. 1995

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Identification of the components of protective immunity are crucial for the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic vaccine strategies. Analysis of HIV-specific responses in exposed but uninfected individuals might thus provide a unique resource to elucidate the components and correlates of protective immunity to HIV. In the present study we analyzed HIV-specific cytotoxic and helper T lymphocyte responses in health care workers (HCW) exposed to body fluids from HIV-positive individuals. HCW exposed to blood from HIV-negative individuals as well as healthy donors served as controls. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to HlIV envelope (env) peptides were detected in 7/20 (35%) HCW exposed to HIV-positive blood and in none of the 20 health care workers exposed to uninfected blood or the seven healthy blood donors studied. HIV-specific CTL responses were detected only after in vitro stimulation, and were MHC class I restricted. No MHC class I restriction elements were uniformly identified among the different responders. 21/28 (75%) HCW exposed to contaminated blood responded to env as measured by IL-2 production to the peptides, in contrast to only 9/38 (24%) HCW exposed to HIV seronegative blood and 3/35 (9%) healthy blood donors. All the HIV exposed individuals were seronegative on repeated ELISA tests, and no evidence of infection was obtained by PCR analysis. These findings indicate that a single exposure to HIV can induce CTL immunity to HIV antigens, in the absence of other evidence of infection. (J. Clin. Invest. 1995. 96:867-876.)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in HIV seronegative health care workers occupationally exposed to HIV-contaminated body fluids.

et al. 1995

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“…Although congenitally HIV-infected infants present both a more severe course of disease and lower T cell reactivity than infected adults [48], it has also been shown that CB T cells from some uninfected neonates born to HIVinfected mothers are strongly responsive to peptides derived from the HIV envelop glycoprotein (env), as detected by IL-2 production after in vitro restimulation [49]. In that study, cells from 8 out of 23 neonates responded to two or more env peptides.…”

Section: Cord Blood Dendritic Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defective antigen-presenting cell function in human neonates

Velilla¹,

Rugeles²,

Chougnet³

2006

Clinical Immunology

153

132

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Immaturity of the immune system has been suggested as an underlying factor for the high rate of morbidity and mortality from infections in newborns. Functional impairment of neonatal T cells is frequently quoted as the main underlying mechanism for such immaturity. However, recent studies suggest that neonatal antigen-presenting cells (APCs) also exhibit functional alterations, which could lead to secondary defects of adaptive T cell responses. In this review, we summarize what is known on the functionality of APC at birth and during early childhood. Compared to adults, neonatal APCs display markers of immaturity and produce low levels of cytokines. Multiple factors could be involved in neonatal APC alteration, such as intrinsic immaturity, defective interaction between APCs and T cells, and regulatory T cell-mediated inhibition. Characterization of the relative contribution of each mechanism is clearly needed to better understand the functional capability of the neonatal immune system.

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“…Similarly, Pitcher et al, using a novel method based on cytokine secretion, found there to be a higher frequency of Gag-specific HTL in the peripheral blood of HIV-1-infected patients with nonprogressive disease (33). Furthermore, both HIV-1-specific HTL and CTL responses have been identified in HIV-1-exposed but persistently seronegative individuals (39,48), including exposed health care workers (11,32), children born to infected mothers (12,40), female sex workers (16,38), and partners of HIV-1-infected individuals (9,17,30) suggesting that HIV-specific cellular immune responses may contribute to the control or prevention of HIV-1 infection in these settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%