Cellular immune responses in mice immunized with Anisakis simplex larval antigens

Abstract

Cellular immune responses to Anisakis simplex L3 antigens were investigated in BALB/c mice injected subcutaneously with a homologous crude extract (CE). Popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) were found to be increased in size and weight after A. simplex CE footpad injection. The effects of A. simplex CE in vitro proliferation were assayed with non-fractionated PLN cells or nylon-wool purified T cells derived from pooled lymph node cells of mice subcutaneously injected with CE. Spleen cells from immunized animals (antigen alone, or larva alone, or antigen plus larva) were studied by flow cytometry. The immunization induced a high proportion of CD4 + and TCRalphabeta + T cells. The number of B cells (CD45 + and TCRalphabeta-) in pre-immunized and infected mice was lower than that observed in animals subjected to infection only. The number of CD4+ T cells increased in the infected and in the pre-immunized and infected mice. In the latter, a decrease of CD8a + T cells was noted. The greatest increase in CD8a+ and TCRalphabeta- T cells was found in mice that had been subjected to infection only. Histological analysis showed that the most prominent lesions were gastric and intestinal in animals infected orally with one larva.

Excretory/secretory proteases and mechanical movement of Anisakis pegreffii infective larvae in the penetration of BALB/c mice gastrointestine

“…In BALB/c mice, histological analysis showed that the most prominent lesions were gastric and intestinal when infected with one infective larva of Anisakis [22]. In CBA/J mice, the infective larvae of A. simplex were surgically implanted into the abdominal cavity and necropsied at 7, 14, or 21 days post infection, found embedded in the gut mesentery and only rarely invading the viscera [23].…”

Anisakis – immunology of a foodborne parasitosis

“…Animal models have been used to try to dissect immunological mechanisms of disease, clarify aspects of responses to live and dead larvae and determine the pathogenicity of various Anisakis species. [136][137][138][139][140][141][142] There has been speculation that some species of Anisakis may be more infective than others; however, A. simplex, A. pegreffii, A. paggiae and A. physeteris are all able to infect rats. 143,144 In both rats and mice, Anisakis infection leads to similar pathology to humans, with infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils and formation of granulomas with multinucleate giant cells.…”

“…Animal models have been used to try to dissect immunological mechanisms of disease, clarify aspects of responses to live and dead larvae and determine the pathogenicity of various Anisakis species . There has been speculation that some species of Anisakis may be more infective than others; however, A. simplex , A. pegreffii , A. paggiae and A. physeteris are all able to infect rats …”

Exposure to the fish parasite Anisakis causes allergic airway hyperreactivity and dermatitis

“…Previous studies investigating the immune response of mice to live and dead Anisakis larvae have indicated considerable similarities to the human immune response at both the humoral 29 and cellular level. 30 Here BALB/c mice were infected intraperitoneally with 2 live A pegreffii L 3 larvae, and their immunologic responses were analyzed over time. As in human beings, 31 the infection was short-lived, with the worm dying within 3 weeks (data not shown).…”