Cellular immune status of coronavirus-infected neonatal calves

Kapil, Sanjay; Goyal, Sagar M.; Trent, Ava M.

doi:10.1016/0147-9571(94)90038-8

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additionally, this may be because of a lack of a cell-mediated immune response to BCoV infection. Currently, data on T-cell immunity in relation to BCoV infection are scant [ 58 ]. Thus, further studies are necessary to elucidate the appropriate immune response that can prevent viral replication, shedding, and transmission during BCoV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bovine coronavirus in Korean native calves challenged through different inoculation routes

Cho,

Kim,

Cho

et al. 2024

Vet Res

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Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pneumoenteric virus that can infect the digestive and respiratory tracts of cattle, resulting in economic losses. Despite its significance, information regarding BCoV pathogenesis is limited. Hence, we investigated clinical signs, patterns of viral shedding, changes in antibody abundance, and cytokine/chemokine production in calves inoculated with BCoV via intranasal and oral. Six clinically healthy Korean native calves (< 30 days old), initially negative for BCoV, were divided into intranasal and oral groups and monitored for 15 days post-infection (dpi). BCoV-infected calves exhibited clinical signs such as nasal discharge and diarrhea, starting at 3 dpi and recovering by 12 dpi, with nasal discharge being the most common symptoms. Viral RNA was detected in nasal and fecal samples from all infected calves. Nasal shedding occurred before fecal shedding regardless of the inoculation route; however, fecal shedding persisted longer. Although the number of partitions was very few, viral RNA was identified in the blood of two calves in the oral group at 7 dpi and 9 dpi using digital RT-PCR analysis. The effectiveness of maternal antibodies in preventing viral replication and shedding appeared limited. Our results showed interleukin (IL)-8 as the most common and highly induced chemokine. During BCoV infection, the levels of IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were significantly affected, suggesting that these emerge as potential and reliable biomarkers for predicting BCoV infection. This study underscores the importance of BCoV as a major pathogen causing diarrhea and respiratory disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of bovine coronavirus in Korean native calves challenged through different inoculation routes

Cho,

Kim,

Cho

et al. 2024

Vet Res

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“…Also, all three viruses belong to families known to possess immunosuppressive abilities in other species of animals (Notkins et al 1970, Mims 1986, Kapil et al 1994. Therefore, these viruses may interfere with research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological monitoring of laboratory pigs

Hansen

Farlov

Bollen³

1997

Lab Anim

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SummaryPurpose-bred minipigs, are often used as the non-rodent species in toxicology. Infections may interfere with animal experiments, and there are no scientific reasons why the non-rodent species should be of a lower microbiological quality than the rodent species. Therefore, a system for health monitoring of pigs was developed in order to raise the quality of laboratory pigs to the level of laboratory rodents. This system, which includes screening for several viruses, bacteria and ecto-and endoparasites, was used for monitoring mini pigs from a barrier unit with the same standards applied to rodents units. In these pigs only rotaviruses are found, which was shown by both serological antibody detection and by detection of rotaviral antigen in faeces. In minipigs from another unit with far less hygienic protection rotaviruses were also found along with certain influenza-and coronaviruses, as well as Pasteurella spp. It is concluded, that it is possible to raise pigs of a microbiological quality comparable to the quality of rats and mice, and that advanced microbiological monitoring in pigs will reveal useful information.

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“…Noteworthy, CD147 seems to be hyper-expressed in CD3+ T lymphocytes of SLE individuals compared to healthy controls, predisposing these patients to SARS-CoV-2 cytopathic effect on white blood cells[ 80 ]. Although the role of SARS-CoV-2 in human secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs is unclear, it has been shown that a virulent strain of bovine CoV may induce depletion of T cells in calf Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes[ 81 ]. In SARS-CoV-2 infected people, lymphopenia especially affects T and NK lymphocyte populations and memory cells[ 27 ].…”

Section: The Immune Response Against Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmunity as the comet tail of COVID-19 pandemic

Talotta¹,

Robertson²

2020

WJCC

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can give rise to different clinical manifestations that are directly related to viral tissue damage or indirectly induced by the antiviral immune response. Hyper-activation of the immune system in an attempt to eradicate the infection may trigger autoimmunity. Several immune-mediated disorders have been described in SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. These include cutaneous rashes and vasculitis, autoimmune cytopenia, anti-phospholipid syndrome, central or peripheral neuropathy, myositis and myocarditis. On the other hand, rheumatic patients were reported to have similar coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence, morbidity and mortality rates compared to general population. This opinion review will summarize the crucial immunologic steps which occur during SARS-CoV-2-infection that may link autoimmunity to COVID-19 and provides an opportunity for further discussion regarding this association.

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Cellular immune status of coronavirus-infected neonatal calves

Cited by 6 publications

References 11 publications

Evaluation of bovine coronavirus in Korean native calves challenged through different inoculation routes

Evaluation of bovine coronavirus in Korean native calves challenged through different inoculation routes

Microbiological monitoring of laboratory pigs

Autoimmunity as the comet tail of COVID-19 pandemic

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