Cellular internalization and morphological analysis after intravenous injection of a highly hydrophilic octahedral rhenium cluster complex – a new promising X‐ray contrast agent

Abstract

The octahedral cluster compound Na H [{Re Se }(P(C H CONH )(C H COO) ) ] has been shown to be highly radio dense, thus becoming a promising X-ray contrast agent. It was also shown that this compound had low cytotoxic effect in vitro, low acute toxicity in vivo and was eliminated rapidly from the body through the urinary tract. The present contribution describes a more detailed cellular internalization assay and morphological analysis after intravenous injection of this hexarhenium cluster compound at different doses. The median lethal dose (LD ) of intravenously administrated compound was calculated (4.67 ± 0.69 g/kg). Results of the study clearly indicated that the cluster complex H [{Re Se }(P(C H CONH )(C H COO) ) ] was not internalized into cells in vitro and induced only moderate morphological alterations of kidneys at high doses without any changes in morphology of liver, spleen, duodenum, or heart of mice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Host–Guest Binding Hierarchy within Redox‐ and Luminescence‐Responsive Supramolecular Self‐Assembly Based on Chalcogenide Clusters and γ‐Cyclodextrin

“…Actually,e lectron-rich octahedral clusters exhibit highly appealing optical properties such as phosphorescence in the NIR region triggered by UV,v isible light or even X-ray irradiation [14] with lifetimes up to severalh undred microseconds and exceptionally high quantum yield, making this class of material highly relevantf or bioimaging [15] or biolabelling applications. [16] Additionally,t his class of compounds exhibit high radiodensity due to close packingo fh eavy elements in the cluster core {M 6 Q 8 }w ith M = Mo, Wo rR e; Q= Se, Te ,B ro rIwhich is a pre-requisite for X-ray contrast agents and thereby useful for bimodal bioimaging. [17] Moreover,o ctahedral clusters behave also as potentiala ntitumoral and antimicrobial agents due to their ability to generate singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation.…”

A comparative study of optical properties and X-ray induced luminescence of octahedral molybdenum and tungsten cluster complexes

“…Indeed, the family of octahedral cluster complexes [{Re 6 Q 8 }L 6 ] and [{Mo 6 X 8 }L 6 ] (where X is Cl, Br or I; Q is S, Se or Te and L are organic or inorganic ligands) and materials based on them have been intensively studied in the last few years in the context of biomedical applications. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] First of all, this is due to the progress made in the develop-ment of phosphorescent octahedral molybdenum cluster complexes, all based on the {Mo 6 I 8 } 4+ cluster core that have particularly high quantum yields [34][35][36][37] and high efficiency in generating singlet oxygen. [38][39][40][41][42][43] Specifically, our recent studies have shown that materials doped using {Mo 6 I 8 } 4+ are highly photoluminescent and have low cellular toxicity in the dark, while by a careful selection of a matrix the cellular internalisation and photoinduced toxicity of the materials can be tuned.…”

Ionic columnar clustomesogens: associations between anionic hexanuclear rhenium clusters and liquid crystalline triphenylene tethered imidazoliums

“…Complexes with 24 cluster valence electrons can be highly phosphorescent in the red-NIR area. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Because of their high potential in biology for ROS production, as nanoscintillators or contrast agents, [36][37][38] in optoelectronic [39][40][41] or lighting, 42 many efforts have been devoted these last years to counterpart their ceramic-like behaviour and integrate them in host matrices. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Hence, several strategies have been developed to solubilize the [M 6 Q i 8 X a 6 ] nanionic units in organic media, 55,56 or to integrate them directly in a polymeric or liquid crystalline organic host matrix 23,25,49,57,58 by replacing, via a metathesis reaction, their alkali counter cations by functional organic ones.…”