Cellular Mechanisms of a Young-Hering Visual System

Svaetichin, Gunnar; Negishi, K.; Fatehchand, Richard

doi:10.1002/9780470719404.ch8

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…It is a characteristic of the visual systems of species of at least six mammalian orders (Jacobs, 2014). Beginning in the 1950s, color opponency was characterized in the fish retina by Svaetichin and co-workers (Daw, 1968; MacNichol and Svaetichin, 1958; Svaetichin, 1956; Svaetichin and Macnichol, 1959; Svaetichin et al, 1965; Wagner et al., 1960) (Fig. 3a), as well as single units in the LGN in primates characterized by De Valois and colleages (De Valois et al, 1966; De Valois et al, 1964; De Valois et al, 1958) and by Hubel and Wiesel (Wiesel and Hubel, 1966); early work also found color opponency in neurons in monkey visual cortex (Motokawa et al, 1962).…”

Section: Resetting the Circadian Clock With Colormentioning

confidence: 97%

Chromatic clocks: Color opponency in non-image-forming visual function

Spitschan

Lucas

Brown

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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During dusk and dawn, the ambient illumination undergoes drastic changes in irradiance (or intensity) and spectrum (or color). While the former is a well-studied factor in synchronizing behavior and physiology to the earth’s 24-h rotation, color sensitivity in the regulation of circadian rhythms has not been systematically studied. Drawing on the concept of color opponency, a well-known property of image-forming vision in many vertebrates (including humans), we consider how the spectral shifts during twilight are encoded by a color-opponent sensory system for non-image-forming (NIF) visual functions, including phase shifting and melatonin suppression. We review electrophysiological evidence for color sensitivity in the pineal/parietal organs of fish, amphibians and reptiles, color coding in neurons in the circadian pacemaker in mice as well as sporadic evidence for color sensitivity in NIF visual functions in birds and mammals. Together, these studies suggest that color opponency may be an important modulator of light-driven physiological and behavioral responses.

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Section: Resetting the Circadian Clock With Colormentioning

confidence: 97%

Chromatic clocks: Color opponency in non-image-forming visual function

Spitschan

Lucas

Brown

2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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The structure and relationships of horizontal cells and photoreceptor‐bipolar synaptic complexes in goldfish retina

1967

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After impregnation of goldfish retina by the rapid Golgi method, two classes each of photoreceptor, bipolar, and horizontal cells were observed by light microscopy. Interconnections between these elements in the outer plexiform (first synaptic) layer were investigated by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections, in which the processes of impregnated cells are easily distinguished. Dendrites of large bipolar cells (Cajal's "bipolaires destines aux bstonnets") appeared to contact the synaptic endings of both rods and cones, while those of small bipolars (Cajal's "bipolaires destinees aux cbnes") appeared to contact only cones. Processes from horizontal cells of the vitread level (Cajal's "cellules horizontaux intermhdiaires") appeared to contact only rods, while those from horizontal cells of the sclerad level (Ca jal's "cellules horizontaux externes") appeared to contact only cones. The structures formerly called "synaptic vacuoles" are the terminals of horizontal cell processes in the goldfish, and by analogy they should be so identified in all vertebrates. Teleostean horizontal cells are not typical of neurons or glia cells, but are morphologically intermediate between them. Their most interesting properties are their unique relationship to photoreceptor synaptic endings and their segregation into rod and cone subsystems along with the corresponding photoreceptor and bipolar cells. Although their specific function is not clear, some role in information processing therefore appears likely.

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