Cellular mechanisms of acid secretion in the posterior midgut of larval mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

Jagadeshwaran, Urmila; Hardy, M.; Onken, Horst; Moffett, David F.; Moffett, Stacia B.

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.04.063

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This observation, as well as the pattern of fluorescence changes observed in 3-dimensional plots (Figure ) further suggests that the movement of protons during the DMP results from the sequential action of regional proton transporters along the length of the intestine. Although the luminal pH dynamics reported here have not been previously observed, insects such as mosquito larvae have been shown to possess an alkaline pH gradient in the anterior midgut that is reacidified in the posterior midgut, a process controlled by proton pumps and anion exchange across apical membranes of epithelial cells. , …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Although the luminal pH dynamics reported here have not been previously observed, insects such as mosquito larvae have been shown to possess an alkaline pH gradient in the anterior midgut that is reacidified in the posterior midgut, a process controlled by proton pumps and anion exchange across apical membranes of epithelial cells. 25,26 To confirm the role of PBO-4 in anterior intestinal acidification, we generated a GFP-tagged PBO-4 transgene (lhEx290), which rescued the anterior acidification and posterior body wall contraction of ok583 deletion mutants during the DMP (Figure 7, compare panels A and B). Functional PBO-4::GFP was driven by a genomic fragment containing the endogenous pbo-4 promoter, and imaging of the fluorescent fusion protein revealed that PBO-4::GFP is primarily expressed in the posterior half of the intestine throughout development.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel Acid-Activated Fluorophores Reveal a Dynamic Wave of Protons in the Intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans

Bender

Woydziak

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Biol.

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Unlike the digestive systems of vertebrate animals, the lumen of the alimentary canal of C. elegans is unsegmented and weakly acidic (pH ~ 4.4), with ultradian fluctuations to pH > 6 every 45 to 50 seconds. To probe the dynamics of this acidity, we synthesized novel acid-activated fluorophores termed Kansas Reds. These dicationic derivatives of rhodamine B become concentrated in the lumen of the intestine of living C. elegans and exhibit tunable pKa values (2.3–5.4), controlled by the extent of fluorination of an alkylamine substituent, that allow imaging of a range of acidic fluids in vivo. Fluorescence video microscopy of animals freely feeding on these fluorophores revealed that acidity in the C. elegans intestine is discontinuous; the posterior intestine contains a large acidic segment flanked by a smaller region of higher pH at the posterior-most end. Remarkably, during the defecation motor program, this hot spot of acidity rapidly moves from the posterior intestine to the anterior-most intestine where it becomes localized for up to 7 seconds every 45 to 50 seconds. Studies of pH-insensitive and base-activated fluorophores as well as mutant and transgenic animals revealed that this dynamic wave of acidity requires the proton exchanger PBO-4, does not involve substantial movement of fluid, and likely involves the sequential activation of proton transporters on the apical surface of intestinal cells. Lacking a specific organ that sequesters low pH, C. elegans compartmentalizes acidity by producing of a dynamic hot spot of protons that rhythmically migrates from the posterior to anterior intestine.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Acid-Activated Fluorophores Reveal a Dynamic Wave of Protons in the Intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans

Bender

Woydziak

et al. 2013

ACS Chem. Biol.

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“…As V-ATPase is involved in maintaining acid base balance in mosquito midguts (Jagadeshwaran et al, 2010;Patrick et al, 2006;Zhuang et al, 1999), we next examined whether disruption of V-ATPase expression could influence midgut pH. As expected, inhibition of V-ATPase by dsV-ATPase treatment and Bafilomycin A1 supplementation both increased midgut pH compared to controls by m-Cresol purple pH staining assay ( Figure 4E&F).…”

Section: Glucose/trehalose Promotes P Berghei Infection By Disturbinmentioning

confidence: 54%

Glucose-mediated expansion of a gut commensal bacterium promotesPlasmodiuminfection through alkalizing mosquito midgut

Wang

Dong

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Dietary sugar is the major energy source for mosquitoes, but its influence on mosquitoes' capability to transmit malaria parasite remains unclear. Here we show that Plasmodium berghei infection changes global metabolism of Anopheles stephensi with the most significant impact on glucose metabolism. Supplementation of glucose or trehalose (the main hemolymph sugar) to mosquito increases Plasmodium infection by alkalizing the mosquito midgut. The glucose/trehalose diets promote rapid growth of a commensal bacterium, Asaia bogorensis, which remodels glucose metabolism and consequently increases midgut pH. The pH increase in turn promotes Plasmodium gametogenesis. We also demonstrate the sugar composition from different natural plants influences A. bogorensis growth and Plasmodium infection is associated with their capability to expand A. bogorensis. Altogether, our results demonstrate that dietary glucose is an important factor that determines mosquito's competency to transmit Plasmodium and further highlight a key role for mosquito-microbiota metabolic interactions in regulating development of malaria parasite.

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Cellular mechanisms of acid secretion in the posterior midgut of larval mosquito (Aedes aegypti)

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Novel Acid-Activated Fluorophores Reveal a Dynamic Wave of Protons in the Intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans

Novel Acid-Activated Fluorophores Reveal a Dynamic Wave of Protons in the Intestine of Caenorhabditis elegans

Glucose-mediated expansion of a gut commensal bacterium promotesPlasmodiuminfection through alkalizing mosquito midgut

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