Cellular Mediators of Glucose-Induced Autoregulation of Hexose Transport

Novel d-Xylose Derivatives Stimulate Muscle Glucose Uptake by Activating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase α

“…The figure also shows that the plasma membrane abundance of GLUT4myc and GLUT1myc in L6 myotubes exposed to 23.0 mM D-glucose for 24 h was reduced nearly by 50% compared to cultures maintained at 5.5 mM D-glucose. These findings confirm previous data on glucose-induced downregulation of glucose transporters in skeletal muscle 2,7,10 and reconfirm the suitability of the myc-tagged L6 cell lines for investigating the muscle glucose transport system.…”

“…A major pathogenic defect in the disease is insulin resistance, which is characterized by the impeded capacity of peripheral tissues to utilize glucose effectively in face of hyperinsulinemia . Hyperglycemia contributes to this phenomenon by downregulating the rate of glucose transport and utilization in peripheral tissues, most notably in skeletal muscle, , which is the main consumer of glucose. Modern antidiabetic drug therapy aims at a strict regulation of glucose homeostasis to prevent late complications of diabetes.…”

“…We have discovered, and extensively investigated, a new regulatory pathway of carbohydrate metabolism, the phenomenon of glucose-induced downregulation of glucose transport, which is operative in a variety of cell types, most notably myotubes and skeletal muscle. ,,, In a search for various carbohydrates that mimic this effect of glucose, we screened various pentoses and made a unique discovery: high levels of d -xylose upregulated the glucose transport system in myotubes. We used d -xylose as a prototype molecule for the synthesis of active derivatives with adequate pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters.…”