Cellular Membrane Microparticles: Potential Targets of Combinational Therapy for Vascular Disease

Xiao, Xiang; Ma, Xiaotang; Liu, Langni; Wang, Jinju; Bi, Kexia; Liu, Yingxia; Fan, Ran; Zhao, Bin; Chen, Yanfang; Bihl, Ji C.

doi:10.2174/1570161112666141014145440

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 131 publications

(191 reference statements)

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“…Once they were released by the parental cells, MVP can transfer biological information from parental cells via direct fusion or internalization into the target cells and transfer content molecules directly or through activation of membrane receptors . Due to their important roles in cell‐to‐cell communication, the identification of MVP in multiple bodily fluids has raised interest in revealing their functions not only as biomarkers , but also as important mediators in pathogenesis mechanisms and even potential targets for therapy . Despite a growing understanding of MVP functions, the formation and releasing mechanisms of MVP remain incompletely understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVB‐generated Microvesicle Particles: A Novel Pathway by Which a Skin‐specific Stimulus Could Exert Systemic Effects

Fahy

Liu

Rapp

et al. 2017

Photochem & Photobiology

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Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) exerts profound effects on human skin. Much is known regarding the ability of UVB to generate a plethora of bioactive agents ranging from cytokines and other bioactive proteins, lipid mediators and micro-RNAs. It is presumed that these agents are in large part responsible for the effects of UVB, which only is absorbed appreciably in the epidermis. However, the exact mechanism by which these bioactive agents can leave the epidermis are as yet unclear. This review addresses the potential role of microvesicle particles (MVP) as UVB signaling agents through transmitting biologic mediators. New data is provided that UVB treatment of human skin explants also generates MVP production. We hypothesize that UVB production of MVPs (UVB-MVP) could serve this important function of transmitting keratinocyte-derived bioactive agents. Moreover, we propose that UVB-MVP formation involves the lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor. This novel pathway has the potential to be exploited pharmacologically to modulate UVB effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVB‐generated Microvesicle Particles: A Novel Pathway by Which a Skin‐specific Stimulus Could Exert Systemic Effects

Fahy

Liu

Rapp

et al. 2017

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…Microvesicle particles (MVP) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by numerous cell types and can be found in the circulation (10,11). MVPs can contain both nuclear and cytoplasmic components and are thought to provide a mechanism by which cells transmit signals systemically (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UVB Generates Microvesicle Particle Release in Part Due to Platelet‐activating Factor Signaling

Bihl

Rapp

Chen

et al. 2016

Photochem & Photobiology

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The lipid mediator platelet-activating factor (PAF) and oxidized glycerophosphocholine PAF agonists produced by ultraviolet B (UVB) have been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in UVB-mediated processes, from acute inflammation to delayed systemic immunosuppression. Recent studies have provided evidence that microvesicle particles (MVPs) are released from cells in response to various signals including stressors. Importantly, these small membrane fragments can interact with various cell types by delivering bioactive molecules. The present studies were designed to test if UVB radiation can generate MVP release from epithelial cells, and the potential role of PAF receptor (PAF-R) signaling in this process. We demonstrate that UVB irradiation of the human keratinocyte-derived cell line HaCaT resulted in the release of MVPs. Similarly, treatment of HaCaT cells with the PAF-R agonist carbamoyl PAF also generated equivalent amounts of MVP release. Of note, pretreatment of HaCaT cells with antioxidants blocked MVP release from UVB but not PAF-R agonist N-methyl carbamyl PAF (CPAF). Importantly, UVB irradiation of the PAF-R-negative human epithelial cell line KB and KB transduced with functional PAF-Rs resulted in MVP release only in PAF-R-positive cells. These studies demonstrate that UVB can generate MVPs in vitro and that PAF-R signaling appears important in this process.

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“…3,4 EVs were initially thought as artifacts or cell dust, 5 but there is accumulating evidence for their important role as messengers for cell signaling and communication in normal and disease states. 1,2,6,7 They may function in the transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids and represent a novel type of biomarker. 8 EVs represent a heterogeneous group of vesicles deriving from activated cells or generated during apoptosis from nearly all mammalian cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Diseases

Erdbrügger

2016

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

168

175

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Extracellular vesicles from the urine and circulation have gained significant interest as potential diagnostic biomarkers in renal diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles contain proteins from all sections of the nephron, whereas most studied circulating extracellular vesicles are derived from platelets, immune cells, and the endothelium. In addition to their diagnostic role as markers of kidney and vascular damage, extracellular vesicles may have functional significance in renal health and disease by facilitating communication between cells and protecting against kidney injury and bacterial infection in the urinary tract. However, the current understanding of extracellular vesicles has derived mostly from studies with very small numbers of patients or in vitro data. Moreover, accurate assessment of these vesicles remains a challenge, in part because of a lack of consensus in the methodologies to measure extracellular vesicles and the inability of most techniques to capture the entire size range of these vesicles. However, newer techniques and standardized protocols to improve the detection of extracellular vesicles are in development. A clearer understanding of the composition and biology of extracellular vesicles will provide insights into their pathophysiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic roles.

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Cellular Membrane Microparticles: Potential Targets of Combinational Therapy for Vascular Disease

Cited by 15 publications

References 131 publications

UVB‐generated Microvesicle Particles: A Novel Pathway by Which a Skin‐specific Stimulus Could Exert Systemic Effects

UVB‐generated Microvesicle Particles: A Novel Pathway by Which a Skin‐specific Stimulus Could Exert Systemic Effects

UVB Generates Microvesicle Particle Release in Part Due to Platelet‐activating Factor Signaling

Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Diseases

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