Cellulase activities in senescent conferous needles and in needle litter naturally colonized by various fungi

Savoie, J. M.

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(90)90664-c

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…(Kowalski, 1993). These fungi have attributes allowing them to survive in dead needles, namely (a) cellulolytic and ligninolytic activities (Burns et al, 2013;Savoie, Bernillon, & Gourbiere, 1990) Beauveria bassiana, as an endophyte, was found previously in needles of P. radiata (Brownbridge, Reay, Nelson, & Glare, 2012;Reay, Brownbridge, Gicquel, Cummings, & Nelson, 2010) and Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don (Ganley & Newcombe, 2006) Information Table S1).…”

Section: Less Common Fungal Pathogens In Needles Of 9-year-old Scotmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…a) cellulolytic and ligninolytic activities(Burns et al, 2013;Savoie, Bernillon, & Gourbiere, 1990); (b) rapid growth in favourable humidity; (c) greater resistance of dark hyphae and conidia to ultraviolet light, desiccation and microbial lysis; (d) formation of specific survival structures, including aggregated chlamydospores (Aureobasidium), minute microsclerotia (Cladosporium); (e) easy adaptation to less favourable habitats.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland

2019

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Needles of Pinus sylvestris with and without symptoms of Cyclaneusma needle cast, from the west of Poland, were examined for abundance and diversity of fungi using Illumina sequencing. Fungal communities were dominated by Ascomycota (93.6%-98.6% of OTUs). Basidiomycota and non-culturable fungi were less frequent. Needles were colonized by 260 taxa. Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were represented by 149, 39 and 1 taxa. Abundance of fungi was least in 1.5-year-old needles attached to twigs and greatest in fallen 2-year-old needles. Fungal communities had least diversity in 1.5-year-old needles and most diversity in 0.5-year-old needles of current growth. It was found that (a) the most common fungi were the needle pathogens Cyclaneusma minus, Lophodermium spp. and Sydowia polyspora; (b) less common potential pathogens were Cenangium ferruginosum, Coniothyrium complex, Desmazierella acicola, Neocatenulostroma germanicum and species in the genera Neodidymelliopsis, Pestalotiopsis, Phoma, Pleurophoma and Pyrenochaeta; (c) common primary or secondary saprotrophs included species of Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Beauveria, Cladophialophora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Exophiala, Lecanicillium, Penicillium, Cryptococcus and Kwoniella; (d) Lophodermium was represented mostly by Lophodermium pinastri which occurred 4-72 times more frequently than Lophodermium seditiosum; (e) frequencies of C. minus and C. ferruginosum were lower in the 0.5-yearold symptomless needles, increased in the symptomatic and symptomless 1.5-yearold needles and decreased after needle fall; (f) frequency of L. seditiosum was highest in 0.5-year-old needles; (g) frequency of L. pinastri increased with needle age whereas S. polyspora increased after needle fall; (h) lower frequency of L. pinastrii was associated with higher frequency of S. polyspora. It was concluded that Cyclaneusa needle cast in Poland may be caused by C. minus accompanied by C. ferruginosum, L. seditiosum, L. pinastrii and S. polyspora. Participation of Coniothyrium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Pestalotiopsis spp. and Phoma spp. in the disease progress cannot be excluded.

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Section: Less Common Fungal Pathogens In Needles Of 9-year-old Scotmentioning

confidence: 94%

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confidence: 99%

Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland

2019

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“…The level of cellulase activity in balsam fir was comparable to the closely related silver fir (Abies alba). In natural senescent silver fir needles there were approximately 1-2 units of cellulase activity per gram of dry weight (Savoie et al 1990). Assuming the moisture content of balsam fir needles is comparable to those found in silver fir, cellulase activity could be calculated as 1.5-2.5 units per gram of dry weight in naturally abscising needles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Endogenous and exogenous ethylene induces needle abscission and cellulase activity in post-harvest balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.)

MacDonald

Lada

Dorais

et al. 2011

Trees

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Post-harvest needle loss is a major problem for balsam fir and other Christmas tree species. Recent evidence has implicated ethylene as a signal responsible for post-harvest needle abscission, but enzymological changes remain unknown. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify cellulase activity associated with endogenous and exogenous ethylene-induced abscission. An experiment was designed with three treatments (control, endogenous ethylene, or exogenous ethylene) with five replicates. Key response variables include needle retention duration, xylem pressure potential, ethylene evolution rate, and cellulase activity. Two complimentary methods were used to assess cellulase activity: a cellulose plate digestion and zymography. The results confirm ethylene as a signal for post-harvest abscission and identify ethylene-induced cellulase. Ethylene evolution was typically between 15 and 16 lL g -1 h -1 , but there was no difference among the three treatments. However, exogenous ethylene significantly decreased needle retention by 60% and resulted in a sixfold decrease in xylem pressure potential. In addition, cellulase activity increased by 8-and 12-fold in endogenous and exogenous ethylene-induced abscission, respectively, compared to the control. Identification of ethylene-induced cellulase activity has increased our understanding of the post-harvest needle abscission process and confirms ethylene's role as a signal molecule.

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“…A variety of methods are used to determine the cellulolytic activity and cellulose decomposition in litter and soil, including the loss of strength and weight in cotton strips [9,10] and the activity of cellulases [13,19]. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness of incubating 14C-labeled cellulose substrates as a sensitive in situ incubation method for analyzing decomposition processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposition of 14C-labeled cellulose substrates in litter and soil from a beechwood on limestone

Scheu¹,

Wirth²,

Eberhardt

1993

Microb Ecol

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The decomposition of three different (14)C-labeled cellulose substrates (plant holocellulose, plant cellulose prepared from (14)C-labeled beech wood (Fagus sylvatica) and bacterial cellulose produced by Acetobacter xylinum) in samples from the litter and mineral soil layer of a beechwood on limestone was studied. In a long-term (154 day) experiment, mineralization of cellulose materials, production of (14)C-labeled water-soluble compounds, and incorporation of (14)C in microbial biomass was in the order Acetobacter cellulose > holocellulose > plant cellulose in both litter and soil. In general, mineralization of cellulose, production of (14)C-labeled water-soluble compounds, and incorporation of (14)C in microbial biomass were more pronounced, but microbial biomass (14)C declined more rapidly in litter than in soil. In short-term (14 day) incubations, mineralization of cellulose substrates generally corresponded with cellulase and xylanase activities in litter and soil. Pre-incubation with trace amounts of unlabeled holocellulose significantly increased the decomposition of (14)C-labeled cellulose substrates and increased cellulase activity later in the experiment but did not affect xylanase activity. The sum of (14)CO2 production, (14)C in microbial biomass, and (14)C in water-soluble compounds is considered to be a sensitive parameter by which to measure cellulolytic activity in soil and litter samples in short-term incubations. Shorter periods than 14 days are preferable in assays using Acetobacter cellulose, because the decomposition of this substrate is more variable than that of holocellulose and plant cellulose.

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Cellulase activities in senescent conferous needles and in needle litter naturally colonized by various fungi

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland

Fungi associated with Cyclaneusma needle cast in Scots pine in the west of Poland

Endogenous and exogenous ethylene induces needle abscission and cellulase activity in post-harvest balsam fir (Abies balsamea L.)

Decomposition of 14C-labeled cellulose substrates in litter and soil from a beechwood on limestone

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