Cellulases For Biomass Conversion

Xu, Qi; Adney, William S.; Ding, Shi You; Michael, Himmel E.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-5377-0_3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Such observation is in line with the natural degradation of biomass in wood litter with a higher fungal contribution (67-99%) to the total microbial mass (see review [ 8 ]). Because fungi have some types (families) of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), such as GH7 and GH61 [ 46 , 47 ], that bacteria lack, it is reasonable to speculate that the future CBP development may require transformation of fungi-unique GH genes and/or P. chrysosporium 's ligninase genes into CBP strains (so far mainly bacteria and yeasts) in order to further enhance their lignocellulolytic functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity

Wei

Tucker

Baker

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundUnderstanding the dynamics of the microbial communities that, along with their secreted enzymes, are involved in the natural process of biomass composting may hold the key to breaking the major bottleneck in biomass-to-biofuels conversion technology, which is the still-costly deconstruction of polymeric biomass carbohydrates to fermentable sugars.However, the complexity of both the structure of plant biomass and its counterpart microbial degradation communities makes it difficult to investigate the composting process.ResultsIn this study, a composter was set up with a mix of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) wood-chips and mown lawn grass clippings (85:15 in dry-weight) and used as a model system. The microbial rDNA abundance data obtained from analyzing weekly-withdrawn composted samples suggested population-shifts from bacteria-dominated to fungus-dominated communities. Further analyses by an array of optical microscopic, transcriptional and enzyme-activity techniques yielded correlated results, suggesting that such population shifts occurred along with early removal of hemicellulose followed by attack on the consequently uncovered cellulose as the composting progressed.ConclusionThe observed shifts in dominance by representative microbial groups, along with the observed different patterns in the gene expression and enzymatic activities between cellulases, hemicellulases, and ligninases during the composting process, provide new perspectives for biomass-derived biotechnology such as consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) and solid-state fermentation for the production of cellulolytic enzymes and biofuels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity

Wei

Tucker

Baker

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Biofuels

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“…The strain was identified by studying its morphological and biochemical characteristics (Xu et al, 2007;Vos et al, 2009;Caf et al, 2012) Molecular identification of the strain was carried out by analyzing of its 16S rDNA gene sequences. The extraction of genomic DNA and 16S rDNA amplification was realized by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with two universal primers.…”

Section: Bacterial Strain and Culture Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Alkaline, Highly Thermostable and Oxidant Resistant Carboxymethyl Cellulase (Cmcase) Produced by Thermophilic Bacillus sonorensis CY-3

Singh¹,

Singh²

2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Esterases are enzymes with several applications in industrial processes, and novel variants of these providing special properties are still in demand [11]. They are today commercially used e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome

Lewin¹,

Strand²,

Haugen³

et al. 2016

AER

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With the aim of identifying novel thermostable esterases, comprehensive sequence databases and cloned fosmid libraries of metagenomes derived from an offshore oil reservoir on the Norwegian Continental Shelf were screened for enzyme candidates using both sequence-and function-based screening. From several candidates identified in both approaches, one enzyme discovered by the functional approach was verified as a novel esterase and subjected to a deeper characterization. The enzyme was successfully over-produced in Escherichia coli and was shown to be thermostable up to 90˚C, with the highest esterase activity on short-chain ester substrates and with tolerance to solvents and metal ions. The fact that the thermostable enzyme was solely found by functional screening of the oil reservoir metagenomes illustrates the importance of this approach as a complement to purely sequence-based screening, in which the enzyme candidate was not detected. In addition, this example indicates the large potential of deep-sub-surface oil reservoir metagenomes as a source of novel, thermostable enzymes of potential relevance for industrial applications.

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Cellulases For Biomass Conversion

Cited by 8 publications

References 60 publications

Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity

Tracking dynamics of plant biomass composting by changes in substrate structure, microbial community, and enzyme activity

A Novel Alkaline, Highly Thermostable and Oxidant Resistant Carboxymethyl Cellulase (Cmcase) Produced by Thermophilic Bacillus sonorensis CY-3

Discovery and Characterization of a Thermostable Esterase from an Oil Reservoir Metagenome

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