Cellulose Acetate Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties

Abstract

The chapter overviews recent progress made in the area of cellulose acetate nanocomposites, considering their high-volume applications and easy processing ability. Based on their structural details, the review provides data concerning the manufacturing, characterization, and new developments in this area, with particular emphasis on biomedical applications. Stress is laid on the importance of antimicrobial activity, correlated with different bacteria characteristics, on also considering that their interaction mechanisms create inhibitory effects against microbial growth in a solid medium, and decide their areas of applicability. In this context, the presented aspects show that cellulosic materials can be designed and fine-tuned to acquire certain properties required in different biomedical areas.

Materials and Applications for Functional Polymer Membranes

“…Unlike non-resorbable membranes, resorbable membranes made of either natural or synthetic based polymers. Synthetic polymers used include poly(lactid acid) (PLA), poly(glycolic acid) (PGA), poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(hydroxyl butyric acid) and poly(hydroxyl valeric acid) [30], while natural polymers are collagen (from human or animal tissues) [25], calcium alginate, chitosan [31][32] and nanocellulose [33][34].…”

“…To overcome these shortcomings of resorbable membranes, bioactive composite, the combination of bioactive ceramic phase and biodegradable polymeric phase are proposed to give mechanical stability for maintenance and induce bone formation bioactivity [24]. Among the most sought bioactive ceramics that has been investigated was hydroxyapatite (HA) [36], bioactive glass [37][38], tricalcium phosphate [24], precious metals [33], clay silicates, zirconia and carbon nanotubes [39]. For instance, study by Fu et al (2017) was concluded that the synthesized bilayer PLGA/nano-HA with different surfaces and structures showed excellent fibroblastic barrier and favourable osteogenesis effect.…”

A study on the thermal and mechanical properties of composites made of nanolignocellulose and Pebax® polymer

“…Examples of nanoreinforcement in this group are nanosized metals, metal oxides, silica, and carbon. 3 Using nanomaterial, it is possible to produce composites with higher wear and abrasion strength, good dimensional and thermal stability, and better mechanical strength compared to conventional composites. [4][5][6] Pebax ® is polyether-b-amide elastomeric thermoplastic which confers good specific mechanical properties such as a high elongation at breaks.…”

“…Examples of nanoreinforcement in this group are nanosized metals, metal oxides, silica, and carbon. 3…”

Biocidal activity of cellulose materials for medical implants

“…[15][16][17][18] CAP and HPC, taken individually, are inadequate to meet the diversity of demands in this domain, in contrast to their combinations in different systems, frequently used in the design and construction of medical devices. It has been known for many years that scaffolds based on these complex systems are useful for initial cell attachment and subsequent tissue formation, either in vitro as well as in vivo.…”