Cellulose-based dispersants and flocculants

Abstract

Natural dispersants and flocculants, often referred to as dispersion stabilizers and liquid-solid separators, respectively, have secured a promising role in the bioprocessing community. They have various applications, including in biomedicine...

The Use of Surface-Modified Nanocrystalline Cellulose Integrated Membranes to Remove Drugs from Waste Water and as Polymers to Clean Oil Sands Tailings Ponds

“…The negative charge on clays often increases with higher pH so that at pH 8, as in the oil sands ponds, this use of cationic flocculating species is an attractive strategy [19]. However, numerous amphoteric or zwitterionic cellulosic polymers have been studied with moderate success as flocculating agents [49]. These agents may allow flocculation by bridging or charge neutralization (easiest) processes.…”

“…These agents may allow flocculation by bridging or charge neutralization (easiest) processes. In the review paper by Koshani et al [49], the simplest and most commonly used flocculating method has been to use cationic quaternary ammonium surface modification of many types of cellulose, microcellulose and nanocellulose. Cationically modified cellulose in macro form has been shown to flocculate numerous pollutants including clays (Table 2 in [49]).…”

Applications of cellulose-based agents for flocculation processes: a bibliometric analysis

“…Figure 2 shows how the study of cellulose-based coagulants and flocculants benefits from a Cellulose multidisciplinary approach. Strategies often involve physical combinations with other materials (Lee et al 2012), chemical modifications of cellulose (Koshani et al 2020) and/or both. As an example of hybrid material, cellulose can be bound to magnetite powder to obtain a valuable flocculation agent for a palm oil mill effluent (Mohamed Noor et al 2018).…”

“…As an example of hybrid material, cellulose can be bound to magnetite powder to obtain a valuable flocculation agent for a palm oil mill effluent (Mohamed Noor et al 2018). Likewise, the presence of Ag 2 O or TiO 2 along the cellulose backbone provides usefulness for simultaneous photodegradation (Koshani et al 2020). As for chemical modifications, they include not only the typical etherifications of hydroxyl groups towards anionic (carboxymethylation) or cationic (quaternary ammonium moieties) derivatives, but also more inspired solutions.…”

“…Whereas in Group 1 we remarked the appearance of solutions and aqueous solution, in Group 2 we found suspensions. Whereas cellulose was highlighted as the key material for membranes, films and other materials, now we must notice the high frequency of cellulose derivatives (42) since, when it comes to flocculation, the insertion of cationic or anionic functional groups is extremely useful for the aims of charge neutralization, electrostatic patching, and bridging (Koshani et al 2020). Furthermore, pH-independent ionization, such as that achieved with quaternary ammonium groups, broadens the applicability of the potential flocculants.…”