Cellulose‐Based Nanocomposites: Processing Techniques

Shanks, Robert A.

doi:10.1002/9781118609958.ch17

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, despite having considerable merits, the homogeneous dispersion or distribution of CNFs into nonpolar polymers has remained an ongoing struggle due to their hydrophilic nature. Furthermore, nanofiber agglomeration can also be considered as a main drawback in the preparation of CNF‐reinforced thermoplastics with desirable mechanical properties …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quite recently, in order to increase the hydrophobicity of CNFs, several physical and chemical methods have been proposed, wherein the compatibility of CNFs within nonpolar polymers can be increased accordingly . In a study conducted by Lina et al ., cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), modified with acetic anhydride, were added to poly(lactic acid) matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, several studies have been conducted concerned with the reinforcement of LDPE/TPS/PE-g-MA blends using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). 4,[9][10][11][12] In fact, CNFs can be isolated from low-cost, non-wood resources 13 and possess exceptional properties such as high biodegradability, crystallinity, surface area, strength and, more importantly, surface chemical activity allowing CNFs to reinforce polymers. 7,[14][15][16] This is why the use of CNFs is of interest for the manufacture of high-performance nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, nanofiber agglomeration can also be considered as a main drawback in the preparation of CNF-reinforced thermoplastics with desirable mechanical properties. 10,11,17 Quite recently, in order to increase the hydrophobicity of CNFs, several physical and chemical methods have been proposed, 16,[18][19][20][21] wherein the compatibility of CNFs within nonpolar polymers can be increased accordingly. 10,11,22 In a study conducted by Lina et al, 16 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), modified with acetic anhydride, were added to poly(lactic acid) matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11,17 Quite recently, in order to increase the hydrophobicity of CNFs, several physical and chemical methods have been proposed, 16,[18][19][20][21] wherein the compatibility of CNFs within nonpolar polymers can be increased accordingly. 10,11,22 In a study conducted by Lina et al, 16 cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), modified with acetic anhydride, were added to poly(lactic acid) matrix. Dispersibility results indicated that the acetylation of CNCs has a positive influence on reducing their polarity and thereby improving the dispersion of CNCs into the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of cellulose nanofibers and acetylated cellulose nanofibers on the properties of low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blends

Ahmadi

Behzad

Bagheri

2018

Polymer International

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and acetylated cellulose nanofibers (ACNFs) on the properties of low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch/polyethylene‐grafted maleic anhydride (LDPE/TPS/PE‐g‐MA) blends. For this purpose, CNFs, isolated from wheat straw fibers, were first acetylated using acetic anhydride in order to modify their hydrophilicity. Afterwards, LDPE/TPS/PE‐g‐MA blends were reinforced using either CNFs or ACNFs at various concentrations (1–5 wt%) with a twin‐screw extruder. The mechanical results demonstrated that addition of ACNFs more significantly improved the ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of blends than addition of CNFs, albeit elongation at break of both reinforced blends decreased compared with the neat sample. Additionally, biodegradability and water absorption capacity of blends improved due to the incorporation of both nanofibers, these effects being more pronounced for CNF‐assisted blends than ACNF‐reinforced counterparts. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effect of cellulose nanofibers and acetylated cellulose nanofibers on the properties of low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blends

Ahmadi

Behzad

Bagheri

2018

Polymer International

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Cellulose fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites: impact of cyanoethyl modification on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

et al. 2018

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This study explores the mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of untreated and cyanoethyl-treated kempas wood sawdust cellulose fiber-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. The fiber loadings of the composites were varied from 0 to 20 wt%, with the increment of 5 wt%. The composites were tested for water absorption, and their FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and TGA results were analyzed. The FTIR results show that the fiber treatment reduces the hydroxyl groups in the cellulose, replacing them with the cyanoethyl groups. The TGA results show that the composites are stable up to 324 °C. SEM images of the treated fiber composites showed that there were no visible gaps between fibers and matrix which indicates a strong interfacial bond. From the mechanical tests, 15 wt% fiber loading composite was strongest. Among all the composites, cyanoethyl cellulose fiber unsaturated polyester composites had the most desirable mechanical and thermal properties, whereas the fiber treatment showed the improvement of interfacial bonding. Abbreviations CECFUPC Cyanoethyl cellulose fiber unsaturated polyester composites WF Wood fiber WS Wood sawdust

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Effect of Nano-Fillers on Tensile Properties of Biopolymer Films

et al. 2018

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There is a growing interest in biopolymers due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and edibility. Biopolymer applications include food packaging, biomedical applications, and as structural materials. However, their mechanical properties are limiting. Current research is focused on modifying the physical and chemical properties of biopolymers for better performance and broader applications. The addition of nanofillers has been proposed as a way to modify mechanical properties of biopolymers. This work is focused on biopolymers as edible materials, therefore biopolymers and fillers must meet this requirement. In this study, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), CaCO 3 nanoparticles, hydrophilic nanoclay and hydrophobic nanoclay were separately added as fillers to the polymers, konjac glucomannan (KGM), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and zein to investigate their effect on tensile properties of composite films. Tensile properties were measured by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) obtaining stress (σ), strain (γ), and Young's modulus (E).Results revealed significant differences between neat polymers. Fillers, at 2% w/w, affected film properties depending on their size, shape, and surface chemistry. Good dispersibility and the extent of polymer-filler interactions controlled the effect of nanofillers on film properties. Nanosize, high aspect ratio, and hydrophilicity showed significant effects on tensile properties over micro-size, low aspect ratio, and hydrophobic fillers. Hydrophilic nanoclay and CNC interacted better with biopolymer matrices than hydrophobic nanoclay, MCC, or CaCO 3 . The load limit of CNC in KGM and HPMC to increase σ of neat polymers was 2% and 4%, respectively. Further addition resulted in γ and σ decrement. Load differences were attributed to differences in microstructure between KGM and HPMC. Addition of CNC up to 50% w/w resulted in a higher iii value of E, suggesting a volume fraction effect of nanocomposite components on films properties. The conclusions of this study were that the addition of nanofillers to biopolymers can lead to reinforced composites if there is good interaction between filler and matrix.Nanocomposite technology offers to broaden the application of biopolymers through the design of new materials with competitive mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. iv To my parents Idoya Goizueta Iraburu and Jose Resano Lazaro … … and my sisters Lucia, Maria, and Paula. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Foremost, I would like to express my most sincere gratitude to Dr. Graciela W. Padua for her guidance, trust, inspiration, and encouragement throughout this study. I greatly appreciate the generous research opportunity and knowledge that she shared with me during these years. I feel very grateful for having such a great advisor!

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Cellulose‐Based Nanocomposites: Processing Techniques

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of cellulose nanofibers and acetylated cellulose nanofibers on the properties of low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blends

Effect of cellulose nanofibers and acetylated cellulose nanofibers on the properties of low‐density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blends

Cellulose fiber-reinforced thermosetting composites: impact of cyanoethyl modification on mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

Effect of Nano-Fillers on Tensile Properties of Biopolymer Films

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