Cellulose degradation by Lulworthia floridana and other lignicolous marine fungi

Meyers, Samuel P.; Scott, Elizabeth

doi:10.1007/bf00351636

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Nonetheless, as marine cellulose is more accessible, but less frequent than other substrates, only specific microorganisms are capable of degrading cellulose [ 39 ]. Some studies have reported cellulose degradation by marine fungi like Arthrinium saccharicola [ 40 ] and Lulworthia floridana [ 41 ]. Other studies have also described cellulose hydrolysis by wider distributed fungal species, for instance, Aspergillus niger [ 42 ] and Trichoderma viren s [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Oceanic Pelagic Fungal Strains and the Influence of Temperature

Alekseyeva

Herndl

Baltar

2022

JoF

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Although terrestrial and aquatic fungi are well-known decomposers of organic matter, the role of marine fungi remains largely unknown. Recent studies based on omics suggest that marine fungi potentially play a major role in elemental cycles. However, there is very limited information on the diversity of extracellular enzymatic activities performed by pelagic fungi in the ocean and how these might be affected by community composition and/or critical environmental parameters such as temperature. In order to obtain information on the potential metabolic activity of marine fungi, extracellular enzymatic activities (EEA) were investigated. Five marine fungal species belonging to the most abundant pelagic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were grown at 5 °C and 20 °C, and fluorogenic enzymatic assays were performed using six substrate analogues for the hydrolysis of carbohydrates (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase), amino acids (leucine aminopeptidase), and of organic phosphorus (alkaline phosphatase) and sulfur compounds (sulfatase). Remarkably, all fungal strains were capable of hydrolyzing all the offered substrates. However, the hydrolysis rate (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) varied among the fungal strains depending on the enzyme type. Temperature had a strong impact on the EEAs, resulting in Q10 values of up to 6.1 and was species and substrate dependent. The observed impact of temperature on fungal EEA suggests that warming of the global ocean might alter the contribution of pelagic fungi in marine biogeochemical cycles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Oceanic Pelagic Fungal Strains and the Influence of Temperature

Alekseyeva

Herndl

Baltar

2022

JoF

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“…Basidiomycota are prominent decomposers of cellulose due to the growth of these fungi on dead wood or litter (Baldrian & Valášková, 2008). In addition, saprotrophs can breakdown plant material, and the saprotrophic genera (identified by FungalTraits), Lulworthia , Entoloma , Mortierella , and Galerina were distributed across sample sites of all three water features and contain species capable of decomposing wood (Enjalbert et al., 2004) and cellulose (Meyers & Scott, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing Sediment Microbial Communities of Arctic Beaver Ponds to Tundra Lakes and Streams

et al. 2023

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In recent decades the habitat of North American beaver (Castor canadensis) has expanded from boreal forests into Arctic tundra ecosystems. Beaver ponds in Arctic watersheds are known to alter stream biogeochemistry, which is likely coupled with changes in the activity and composition of microbial communities inhabiting beaver pond sediments. We investigated bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities in beaver pond sediments along tundra streams in northwestern Alaska (AK), USA and compared them to those of tundra lakes and streams in north‐central Alaska that are unimpacted by beavers. β‐glucosidase activity assays indicated higher cellulose degradation potential in beaver ponds than in unimpacted streams and lakes within a watershed absent of beavers. Beta diversity analyses showed that dominant lineages of bacteria and archaea in beaver ponds differed from those in tundra lakes and streams, but dominant fungal lineages did not differ between these sample types. Beaver pond sediments displayed lower relative abundances of Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota archaea and of bacteria from typically anaerobic taxonomic groups, suggesting differences in rates of fermentative organic matter (OM) breakdown, syntrophy, and methane generation. Beaver ponds also displayed low relative abundances of Chytridiomycota (putative non‐symbiotic) fungi and high relative abundances of ectomycorrhizal (plant symbionts) Basidiomycota fungi, suggesting differences in the occurrence of plant and fungi mutualistic interactions. Beaver ponds also featured microbes with taxonomic identities typically associated with the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur compounds in higher relative abundances than tundra lakes and streams. These findings help clarify the microbiological implications of beavers expanding into high latitude regions.

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“…Several microorganisms, specially fungi, perform cellulolytic activities with three major classes of enzymes such as endoglucanases, exoglucanases, and β-glucosidases [72][73][74][75][76]. The hydrolysis of cellulose has been reported by a wide variety of marine fungi [67,75,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84], but their capability to decompose this complex compound depends on their enzymatic machinery [85]. Vaz, Rosa [86] and Gonçalves, Paço [87] showed that 76% and 68%, respectively, of the marine fungi they studied were able to release enzymes related to cellulolytic activity.…”

Section: Release Of Enzymes Hydrolytically Cleaving Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Salinity on the Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Marine Pelagic Fungi

Salazar-Alekseyeva,

Herndl,

Baltar

2024

JoF

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Even though fungi are ubiquitous in the biosphere, the ecological knowledge of marine fungi remains rather rudimentary. Also, little is known about their tolerance to salinity and how it influences their activities. Extracellular enzymatic activities (EEAs) are widely used to determine heterotrophic microbes’ enzymatic capabilities and substrate preferences. Five marine fungal species belonging to the most abundant pelagic phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) were grown under non-saline and saline conditions (0 g/L and 35 g/L, respectively). Due to their sensitivity and specificity, fluorogenic substrate analogues were used to determine hydrolytic activity on carbohydrates (β-glucosidase, β-xylosidase, and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase); peptides (leucine aminopeptidase and trypsin); lipids (lipase); organic phosphorus (alkaline phosphatase), and sulfur compounds (sulfatase). Afterwards, kinetic parameters such as maximum velocity (Vmax) and half-saturation constant (Km) were calculated. All fungal species investigated cleaved these substrates, but some species were more efficient than others. Moreover, most enzymatic activities were reduced in the saline medium, with some exceptions like sulfatase. In non-saline conditions, the average Vmax ranged between 208.5 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h, and in saline conditions, 88.4 to 0.02 μmol/g biomass/h. The average Km ranged between 1553.2 and 0.02 μM with no clear influence of salinity. Taken together, our results highlight a potential tolerance of marine fungi to freshwater conditions and indicate that changes in salinity (due to freshwater input or evaporation) might impact their enzymatic activities spectrum and, therefore, their contribution to the oceanic elemental cycles.

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Cellulose degradation by Lulworthia floridana and other lignicolous marine fungi

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Oceanic Pelagic Fungal Strains and the Influence of Temperature

Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Oceanic Pelagic Fungal Strains and the Influence of Temperature

Comparing Sediment Microbial Communities of Arctic Beaver Ponds to Tundra Lakes and Streams

Influence of Salinity on the Extracellular Enzymatic Activities of Marine Pelagic Fungi

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