Cellulose

Krässig, H.; Schurz, J.; Steadman, Robert G.; Schliefer, Karl; Albrecht, Wilhelm

doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_375

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Cellulose was extracted from alfa stems using the Kraft method20 as illustrated in Figure 1. At first, the moisture content and the extractive products in alfa stems were determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elaboration and characterization of composites of castor oil‐based polyurethane and fibers from alfa stems

Maafi

Tighzert²,

Malek

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyurethane (PU) based on castor oil and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) was synthesized by a two-step method in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. The PU obtained was blended with various amounts of cellulose fibers extracted from alfa stems to prepare composite materials. The influence of cellulose fibers on the thermal and mechanical properties of different composites was demonstrated by means of several characterization techniques, such as thermomechanical, structural, and morphological analyses. The hydrogen bonding interaction and the possible formation of urethane links between PU and hydroxyl groups of cellulose provide a good fiber-matrix interface. The infrared absorption vibration of the NAH bond, which is 3336 cm À1 for pure PU, in fact shifts to 3319 cm À1 for a composite containing 25% of cellulose. Moreover, the variation of glass transition temperature, T g , versus cellulose content is linear, for example, T g of pure PU and of a composite containing 40% of cellulose is À35 and À24 C, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanical properties rise steadily up to 20 wt % of fibers and decrease beyond this value. The novelty of this article lies in the fact that over 95% of starting materials used are obtained from agro-resource.

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“…Cellulose was extracted from alfa stems using the Kraft method20 as illustrated in Figure 1. At first, the moisture content and the extractive products in alfa stems were determined.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a much smaller proportion, they also contain extractive protein and some inorganic compounds 19. Chemical extraction processes are needed to isolate the cellulose before utilization; the best known is the Kraft method,20 which is used for 90% of current extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaboration and characterization of composites of castor oil‐based polyurethane and fibers from alfa stems

Maafi

Tighzert²,

Malek

2010

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…and hydrogen bonding relationships [61,62]. Studies recognized that alkaline pretreatment causes swelling of cellulose, leading to the decrease of degree of polymerization and crystallinity, and increases the surface area that facilitates more substrate exposed to cellulase attack [48].…”

Section: Effects Of Alkaline Pretreatment Of Pbd Manure Fiber On Subsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide pretreatment of post-biogas digestion dairy manure fiber for cost effective cellulosic bioethanol production

Elumalai

Espinosa

Markley

et al. 2014

Sustain Chem Process

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Background: The current higher manufacturing cost of biofuels production from lignocellulosics hinders the commercial process development. Although many approaches for reducing the manufacturing cost of cellulosic biofuels may be considered, the use of less expensive feedstocks may represent the largest impact. In the present study, we investigated the use of a low cost feedstock: post-biogas digestion dairy manure fiber. We used an innovative pretreatment procedure that combines dilute sodium hydroxide with supplementary aqueous ammonia, with the goal of releasing fermentable sugar for ethanol fermentation.

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“…Cellulose is the most common organic compound on Earth, representing 40% of the annual production of biomass [65]. It is made of several hundred to over thousands units of (Fig.…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Paper degradation on aging occurs by the weakening of mechanical properties of the sheets and by yellowing. These phenomena are caused by a combination of two interdependent degradation routes: (a) acid hydrolysis of the cellulose polymeric chains, which weaken the mechanical properties of the sheets [65,69] and (b) oxidation of materials with subsequent development of chromophores and other byproducts, and discoloration of the remaining substratum [69][70][71]. Cellulose oxidation running through the radical mechanism initiated by active oxygen species is a complex process giving final products still to be clarified [69,[72][73][74][75].…”

Section: Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical optical spectroscopy of complex systems

Conte¹,

Violante²,

Missori

et al. 2013

Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena

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We review here some of the most reliable and efficient computational theoretical ab initio techniques for the prediction of optical and electronic spectroscopic properties and show some important applications to molecules, surfaces, and solids. We investigate the role of the solvent in the optical absorption spectrum of indole molecule. We study the excited-state properties of a photo-active minimal model molecule for the retinal of rhodopsin, responsible for vision mechanism in animals. We then show a study about spectroscopic properties of Si(1 1 1) surface. Finally we simulate a bulk system: paper, that is mainly made of cellulose, a pseudo-crystalline material representing 40% of annual biomass production in the Earth. (C) 2013 Elsevier BAT. All rights reserved

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Cellulose

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Elaboration and characterization of composites of castor oil‐based polyurethane and fibers from alfa stems

Elaboration and characterization of composites of castor oil‐based polyurethane and fibers from alfa stems

Combined sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide pretreatment of post-biogas digestion dairy manure fiber for cost effective cellulosic bioethanol production

Theoretical optical spectroscopy of complex systems

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