Cellulose Graft Copolymers for Potential Adhesive Applications

Narayan, Ramáni; Biermann, Christopher J.; Hunt, Michael O.; Horn, David P.

doi:10.1021/bk-1989-0385.ch024

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The chemical modification remains one of the most used methods as it enables long term improvements through the formation of strong, stable covalent bonds between wood constituents (cellulose, lignin, hemicelluloses) and chemical reagents [95][96][97][98], despite its inherent drawbacks (such as: high production costs, use of toxic reagents and solvents, necessity to dispose in a controlled manner of the toxic residues, etc.). The term "wood chemical modification" was used for the first time in 1945 [99], and since then many reagents have been tested for this purpose: anhydrides-acetic, butyric, phthalic, succinic, maleic, propionic; acid chlorides; alkyl chlorides; ketene; β-propiolactone; mono-/dicarboxylic acids; different isocyanates; aldehydes-formaldehyde, acetaldehyde; difunctional aldehydes-trichloroacetaldehyde; o-phthalaldehydic acid; acrylonitrile; dimethyl sulfate; epoxides-ethylene, propylene, and butylene oxide and difunctional epoxides [4,100].…”

Section: Wood Surface Modification By Tosylation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the tosyl chloride is the activating agent as the tosyl moiety is the leaving group [95] which can be easily substituted by the direct reaction with various nucleophiles. These last mentioned can range from various carboxylic acids (employed in esterification reactions on wood, especially when acids with long aliphatic chains were used) [96] to carbanions or carboxylate anions (used for grafting some "living" polymer anions, such as polystyryl or polyacrylonitrile carbanions, on tosylated wood through an SN2 nucleophilic substitution) [97].…”

Section: Wood Surface Modification By Tosylation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood Surface Modification—Classic and Modern Approaches in Wood Chemical Treatment by Esterification Reactions

Teacă¹,

Tanasă²

2020

Coatings

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Wood surface modification is a comprehensive concept which, in time, turned out to be as successful as challenging when it comes to improve the resistance of wood during its life cycle in both indoor and outdoor applications. The initial approaches have aimed at simple methods with immediate results. Nowadays, the paradigm has slightly changed due to the scientific and technical advances, and some methods has become intermediate stages in more complex processes, after being used, for long time, as stand-alone procedures. The esterification was employed as a convenient method for wood surface modification due to the high amount of free hydroxyl groups available at the surface of wood and other lignocellulosic materials. Therefore, different esterification approaches were tested: activated condensation with carboxylic acids (monocarboxylic, as well as dicarboxylic acids, fatty acids, etc.) in the presence of condensation activating agents (such as trifluoroacetic anhydride); reaction with β-halogen-substituted carboxylic acids; esterification using carboxylic acids derivatives (acyl chlorides, anhydrides) or even multifunctional carboxylic acids (i.e., tricine). Thus, wood with improved dimensional stability and weathering resilience, higher fire resistance, enhanced hydrophobic character, and mechanical durability was obtained. This paper offers an overview of some of the most recent advances reported in the field, presented in a systematic manner, using the type of reaction as classification criterion. The main improvements will be outlined in a critical assessment in order to provide an useful tool for a wise choice in future applications.

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Section: Wood Surface Modification By Tosylation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wood Surface Modification By Tosylation Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wood Surface Modification—Classic and Modern Approaches in Wood Chemical Treatment by Esterification Reactions

Teacă¹,

Tanasă²

2020

Coatings

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“…Through surface-initiated “grafting-from” polymerization the fiber surface can be modified by a wide range of covalently anchored polymer bristles. − Both conventional , and, more recently, controlled/living , polymerization processes have been successfully employed for this purpose. The latter can provide a higher grafting density of nearly monodisperse grafts with well-defined molecular weights and controlled structures (e.g., block copolymers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cotton Fibers Encapsulated with Homo- and Block Copolymers: Synthesis by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Grafting-From Technique and Solid-State NMR Dynamic Investigations

et al. 2006

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Cotton fibers were modified by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of ethyl acrylate (EA) followed by copolymerization with styrene. Either ethyl 2-bromopropionate as a sacrificial free initiator or Cu(II) as a deactivator was used to optimize the EA grafting yield and to preserve the livingness of the chain ends for the subsequent growth of a poly(styrene) (PSty) block from the poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) grafts. The polymer-encapsulated cotton fibers were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state NMR (high-resolution 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning, 1H spin-lattice relaxation times, and 1H free induction decay analysis NMR). The latter allowed the detection of the dynamic modifications associated with the presence of homo- and block copolymer grafts. In particular, the results of the DSC and NMR investigations suggest a heterogeneous morphology of the g-PEA-b-PSty grafted skin, which could be described as an inner layer of g-PEA sandwiched between the semicrystalline cellulose of the core fiber and the high glass transition temperature PSty of the covalently linked outer layer. Such morphology results in a reduced molecular mobility of the PEA chains.

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“…The effect of reaction variables affecting percent grafting was investigated as well. The resulted graft copolymer can be used in various applications as reported by others such as metal ions and iodine sorbents (Srivastava and Behari, 2006), in controlled drug delivery systems (Maiti et al, 2010), flocculants (Nayak et al, 2001), bonding of plastics to wood (Narayan et al, 1989) and superabsorbent polymer (Galvão et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

APS-initiated graft copolymerization of N-Vinyl pyrollidone onto gelatin: Preparation, characterization, and optimization of grafting parameters

Sadeghi¹,

Mohammadinasab²,

Shafie³

2012

Sci. Res. Essays

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In this work, large numbers of hydrophilic functional groups were introduced onto gelatin by grafting with N-vinyl pyrollidone monomer. The graft copolymerization reactions were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator. The graft copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, thermo-gravimetric analysis and solubility test. The existence of a sharp intense peak at 1653 cm-1 in FTIR spectra of the graft copolymer, improvement of the thermal stability of gelatin-based copolymer and the solubility difference of the copolymer and the homopolymer prove the formation of graft copolymer. The effects of reaction variables, such as concentration of the initiator, monomer and gelatin, as well as, reaction temperature and time were investigated and the grafting conditions were optimized. The optimum reaction conditions resulting in maximum grafting ratio and add-on value have been determined.

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Cellulose Graft Copolymers for Potential Adhesive Applications

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Wood Surface Modification—Classic and Modern Approaches in Wood Chemical Treatment by Esterification Reactions

Wood Surface Modification—Classic and Modern Approaches in Wood Chemical Treatment by Esterification Reactions

Cotton Fibers Encapsulated with Homo- and Block Copolymers: Synthesis by the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization Grafting-From Technique and Solid-State NMR Dynamic Investigations

APS-initiated graft copolymerization of N-Vinyl pyrollidone onto gelatin: Preparation, characterization, and optimization of grafting parameters

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