Cellulose-lignin composite fibres as precursors for carbon fibres. Part 1 – Manufacturing and properties of precursor fibres

Trogen, Mikaela; Le, Nguyen Duc; Sawada, Daisuke; Guizani, Chamseddine; Lourençon, Tainise V.; Pitkänen, Leena; Sixta, Herbert; Shah, Rakibuzzaman; O’Neill, Hugh; Balakshin, Mikhail; Byrne, Nolene; Hummel, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117133

Cited by 52 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Cellulose is another common polymer blended with lignin to fabricate 100% renewable high-yield carbon fibers by solution spinning techniques. Cellulose-based precursor fiber alone often has good molecular orientation but low carbon yield (10–30%) due to different degradation reactions which yield pyrolysis gas such as CO 2 , CO, and other low-molar-mass carbon compounds in the carbonization process [ 139 ]. A number of stabilization and carbonization protocols [ 130 , 136 , 140 , 153 , 154 ] have confirmed the feasibility of carbon fiber production from wet-spun lignin/cellulose precursor fibers.…”

Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin is one of the largest natural resources of biopolymers and, thus, an abundant and renewable raw material for products, such as high-performance fibers for industrial applications. Direct conversion of lignin has long been investigated, but the fiber spinning process for lignin is difficult and the obtained fibers exhibit unsatisfactory mechanical performance mainly due to the amorphous chemical structure, low molecular weight of lignin, and broad molecular weight distribution. Therefore, different textile spinning techniques, modifications of lignin, and incorporation of lignin into polymers have been and are being developed to increase lignin’s spinnability and compatibility with existing materials to yield fibers with better mechanical performance. This review presents the latest advances in the textile fabrication techniques, modified lignin-based high-performance fibers, and their potential in the enhancement of the mechanical performance.

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Section: Mechanical Performance Of Lignin-based Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lin

Cheng

2021

Materials

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“…Cellulose pulp, mixtures of cellulose-lignin and cellulose-chitosan, with controlled mass proportions, were dissolved in [DBNH][OAc] inside a high shear kneader (80°C, 90 min, 7 ± 3 mbar, mixing 30 rpm). The IL-biopolymers solutions were then filtered in a filter press unit (5 lm metal mesh pore size) and dryjet wet spun using a piston spinning unit (Fourné Polymertechnik, Germany), as described in our previous articles (Zahra et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021). The spun fiber codes, their corresponding cellulose share and total biopolymers concentration during dissolution are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Biopolymer Dissolution In Il and Spinning Of Hybrid Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spun fiber codes, their corresponding cellulose share and total biopolymers concentration during dissolution are summarized in Table 1. No 100% lignin or chitosan solutions could be spun into fibers because such solutions do not have the adequate viscoelastic properties needed for this particular ILbased dry-jet wet spinning (Zahra et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021).…”

Section: Biopolymer Dissolution In Il and Spinning Of Hybrid Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the Ioncell Ò technology (Sixta et al 2015), we are able to dissolve mixtures of biopolymers in a protic ionic liquid and spin the solution into hybrid fibers. The obtained hybrid fibers are composed of two or more biopolymers forming nanoscale mixtures inside a micrometric fibrous matrix (Mikkilä et al 2020;Zahra et al 2020;Le et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hybrid fibers like cellulose-lignin (Bengtsson et al 2019;Mikkilä et al 2020;Le et al 2020;Trogen et al 2021), cellulose-chitosan (Zahra et al 2020), cellulose-chitin (Ota et al 2020) or cellulose-betulin (Makarov et al 2018) have found applications in textiles (Ma et al 2015) or as precursors for biobased carbon fibers (Byrne et al 2016). The presence of a second biopolymer provides to the hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling the share of the biopolymer in the fiber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics

et al. 2021

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Cellulose can be dissolved with another biopolymer in a protic ionic liquid and spun into a bicomponent hybrid cellulose fiber using the Ioncell® technology. Inside the hybrid fibers, the biopolymers are mixed at the nanoscale, and the second biopolymer provides the produced hybrid fiber new functional properties that can be fine-tuned by controlling its share in the fiber. In the present work, we present a fast and quantitative thermoanalytical method for the compositional analysis of man-made hybrid cellulose fibers by using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in combination with chemometrics. First, we incorporated 0–46 wt.% of lignin or chitosan in the hybrid fibers. Then, we analyzed their thermal decomposition behavior in a TGA device following a simple, one-hour thermal treatment protocol. With an analogy to spectroscopy, we show that the derivative thermogram can be used as a predictor in a multivariate regression model for determining the share of lignin or chitosan in the cellulose hybrid fibers. The method generated cross validation errors in the range 1.5–2.1 wt.% for lignin and chitosan. In addition, we discuss how the multivariate regression outperforms more common modeling methods such as those based on thermogram deconvolution or on linear superposition of reference thermograms. Moreover, we highlight the versatility of this thermoanalytical method—which could be applied to a wide range of composite materials, provided that their components can be thermally resolved—and illustrate it with an additional example on the measurement of polyester content in cellulose and polyester fiber blends. The method could predict the polyester content in the cellulose-polyester fiber blends with a cross validation error of 1.94 wt.% in the range of 0–100 wt.%. Finally, we give a list of recommendations on good experimental and modeling practices for the readers who want to extend the application of this thermoanalytical method to other composite materials.

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From postconsumer cotton towels to new cotton textile fibers

Schlapp‐Hackl,

Rissanen,

Ojha

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The chemical recycling of cotton towels via the Ioncell® technique is demonstrated. Cotton is the most common natural fiber. The season's value jumped 31% to 54.3 billion US$ in 2020/2021, and annually the average value in quota‐free periods accounts to 46.3 billion US$. Consequently, enormous amounts of cotton wastes are emerging. Especially, European countries are forced by the new legislation of the union to develop new recycling strategies. Due to uncountable cotton applications, various types of garments exist, which require different recycling strategies. The recycling of an additional cotton waste side stream of Lindström Oy white pre and dyed and white postconsumer cotton roll towels was pursued. The mechanical properties of the fibers and yarns have been evaluated. Thereby, the following elongations and tenacities of conditioned fibers produced at DR11 have been achieved: 10.4%/59.5 cN/tex for preconsumer and 10.6%/60.4 cN/tex for postconsumer white cotton, 10.4%/60.0 cN/tex for postconsumer blue cotton. The achieved elongations at break are close to values reported in literature (7%–14%), however, the tenacities exceed reported values (40–58 cN/tex). Highly oriented fibers of high quality have been produced and with regards to the mechanical properties, a technique to perform fiber‐to‐fiber upcycling is illustrated.

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Cellulose-lignin composite fibres as precursors for carbon fibres. Part 1 – Manufacturing and properties of precursor fibres

Cited by 52 publications

References 52 publications

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Lignin-Based High-Performance Fibers by Textile Spinning Techniques

Fast and quantitative compositional analysis of hybrid cellulose-based regenerated fibers using thermogravimetric analysis and chemometrics

From postconsumer cotton towels to new cotton textile fibers

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