“…The reactions with CNCs were performed via thiol-containing castor oil or using diisocyanate as a linker. , However, both strategies required the linking species to achieve subsequent grafting of castor oil chains, which may induce the relatively low grafting contents. In our previous work, the castor oil was grafted onto the CNC surface by classical Knoevenagel condensation, but considering that opening the loop would cause damage to the CNC crystal structure, a new strategy was developed to attach castor oil to CNC surface. In this work, we designed the chemical grafting castor oil molecules on the surface of CNCs, selecting low, moderate, and high grafting contents via control of reaction conditions, as enhancing fillers in the castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) composites.…”