Cellulose nanocrystals extracted from okra fibers in PVA nanocomposites

Fortunati, Elena; Puglia, Debora; Monti, Marco; Santulli, Carlo; Maniruzzaman, Mohd.; Kenny, J. M.

doi:10.1002/app.38524

Cited by 147 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Similar behavior was found for other PVA-CNC composites. 23,45,46 These results indicate that the thermal properties of PVA are not degenerated by the addition of CNCs, however, the presence of CNCs can slow down the degradation of PVA. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Examples of WAXD diffractograms of PVA films are presented in Figure 9a.…”

Section: Preparation Of Rcncsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Composite Films of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Bifunctional Cross-linking Cellulose Nanocrystals

Sirviö

Honkaniemi

Visanko

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long and flexible cellulose nanofibrils or stiff and short cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are both promising lightweight materials with high strength and the potential to serve as reinforcing agents in many polymeric materials. In this study, bifunctional reactive cellulose nanocrystals (RCNCs) with carboxyl and aldehyde functionalities were used as reinforcements to prepare acetal-bonding cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films. Two RCNCs were obtained through the mechanical homogenization of partially carboxylated dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with a residual aldehyde content of 0.55 and 1.93 mmol/g and a carboxyl content of 1.65 and 1.93 mmol/g, respectively. The mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of PVA-RCNC films with a variable mass ratio of RCNCs (0.5-10%) were determined. Reference CNCs without reactive aldehydes were obtained through the reduction of aldehyde functionalities to primary hydroxide groups, and their reinforcing effect was compared to RCNCs. With the addition of 10% acetal-bonding RCNCs with respect to PVA weight, the tensile strength and Young's modulus were up to 2-fold greater than those of pure PVA film. An addition of only 0.5% RCNCs improved the tensile strength of the PVA film by 66% and the modulus by 61%. In comparison, a significantly lower reinforcing effect (19% with CNC loading of 0.5%) was found using reference CNCs. PVA's effective oxygen barrier and thermal properties were preserved when RCNCs were introduced into the films.

show abstract

Section: Preparation Of Rcncsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Composite Films of Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Bifunctional Cross-linking Cellulose Nanocrystals

Sirviö

Honkaniemi

Visanko

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There was noticeable improvement in tensile properties with tensile modulus showing a four to five times improvement over neat PVA. Fortunati et al (2012) reported that a 5 wt% cellulose content proved ideal to promote a direct mechanical interaction between the PVA and CNC. Zimmerman et al (2004) reported up to three times higher tensile modulus and up to five times higher tensile strength containing 20 wt% MCF in PVA.…”

Section: Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Pvamentioning

confidence: 98%

Mechanical Properties of Eco-friendly Polymer Nanocomposites

Shahzad

2015

Advanced Structured Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biopolymers are an alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers that are renewable, do not contribute to environmental pollution, and are biodegradable. However, some of their properties like tensile strength, impact strength, thermal stability, and permeability are not of sufficiently high standard and must be improved. One way to improve the properties of biopolymers and thus enhance their commercial potential is to incorporate nano-sized bio-based reinforcements in the polymers. The composites thus formed are called eco-friendly polymer nanocomposites. The research in these composites has increased substantially in the last few years with a corresponding increase in research papers. These composites are finding applications in various fields like medicine, packaging, electronics, the automotive sector, and the construction industry. Polysaccharide polymers that are abundant in nature are increasingly being used for this purpose. The biopolymers most commonly used in these composites are thermoplastic starch (TPS), polylactic acid (PLA), cellulose acetate, chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and epoxidized plant oils. Some examples of the bio-based reinforcements used in these composites are cellulose nanowhiskers, chitin whiskers, and starch nanoparticles (SNP). Extrusion and injection molding are the most widely used methods for manufacturing of these composites. Results show that incorporation of bio-based nanoreinforcements in biopolymers results in improvement in mechanical properties of these composites. These include tensile, flexural, and impact properties. Poor dispersion and agglomeration of nanoreinforcements in biopolymers and their poor interfacial bonding are issues which impose a limit on these composites' mechanical performance. Various physical and chemical methods for surface treatments of nanoreinforcements are used. These methods have been shown to result in improvements of mechanical properties of these composites. There are a number of other issues like sensitivity to moisture and temperature, expensive recycling processes, high variability in properties, nonlinear mechanical behavior, poor long-term performance, and low impact strength, which are hindering the A. Shahzad

show abstract

“…Though it contains higher percent of cellulose, it may have potentiality to make good-quality composite with thermoplastic/ thermoset resins. Fortunati et al (2013) prepared OBF-PVA composites and studied its degradation properties. The fibres possess good mechanical properties and biodegradable characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%