Cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite for the adsorption and removal of levofloxacin hydrochloride antibiotic from aqueous solution

Abstract

Residual antibiotics in water are often persistent organic pollutants. The purpose of this study was to prepare a cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide composite (CNCs-GO) with a three-dimensional structure for the removal of the antibiotic levofloxacin hydrochloride (Levo-HCl) in water by adsorption. The scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and other characterization methods were used to study the physical structure and chemical properties of the CNCs-GO. The three-dimensional structure of the composite material rendered a high surface area and electrostatic attraction, resulting in increased adsorption capacity of the CNCs-GO for Levo-HCl. Based on the Box–Behnken design, the effects of different factors on the removal of Levo-HCl by the CNCs-GO were explored. The composite material exhibited good antibiotic adsorption capacity, with a removal percentage exceeding 80.1% at an optimal pH of 4, the adsorbent dosage of 1.0 g l −1 , initial pollutant concentration of 10.0 mg l −1 and contact time of 4 h. The adsorption isotherm was well fitted by the Sips model, and kinetics studies demonstrated that the adsorption process conformed to a quasi-second-order kinetics model. Consequently, the as-synthesized CNCs-GO demonstrates good potential for the effective removal of antibiotics such as levofloxacin hydrochloride from aqueous media.

Removal of Amoxicillin Through Different Methods, Emphasizing Removal by Biopolymers and Its Derivatives. An Overview

“…A very wide variety of antibiotic removal has been reported using different types of polymers and biopolymers [114,[211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218], among which we find removal of tetracyclines [112,113,219] and oxytetracyclines [114], ciprofloxacin [220], sulfamethoxazole [221], metronidazole [222], chloramphenicol [223], penicillin [224], amikacin [225], amoxicillin [59,125], among other antibiotics.…”

Development a New Carbon Nanocomposite Containing MWCNT as Adsorbent for Effective Removal of Cloxacillin

“…Furthermore, initial adsorption rate is observed to be enhanced with increasing initial concentration of Clox, which can be attributed to the increased probability of collision between the adsorbent and the adsorbate (Tao;2020, Sharifpour;.…”

“…It can be stated that the adsorbent surface has active sites for the adsorption of the suspended matter. Therefore, raising the amount of the consumed adsorbent augments number of active adsorption sites and ultimately, elevates removal efficiency (Tao;. The enhancement of the process efficiency at lower values of the absorbent is more rapid, but beyond a certain concentration of the adsorbent (1.52 g/L), the removal efficiency does not increase significantly and the adsorption process reaches equilibrium.…”

Interaction of Carboxyalkylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Antibiotics

“…Also, CNC by having prominent mechanical strength as well as high crystallinity and hydrophilicity can undeniably resist chemical corrosion and high-pressure environments, e.g., wastewater treatment, better than other cellulose derivatives . In another study, a cellulose nanocrystal/graphene oxide composite was used as a levofloxacin hydrochloride adsorbent . However, graphene oxide is not an eco-friendly material and could lead to cytotoxicity, which limits its applications in biomedical fields.…”

“…22 In another study, a cellulose nanocrystal/graphene oxide composite was used as a levofloxacin hydrochloride adsorbent. 23 However, graphene oxide is not an eco-friendly material and could lead to cytotoxicity, 24 which limits its applications in biomedical fields.…”