Cellulose nanofibril foams: Links between ice-templating conditions, microstructures and mechanical properties

Martoïa, F.; Cochereau, Thibaud; Dumont, Pierre; Orgéas, Laurent; Terrien, M.; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2016.04.088

Cited by 148 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The structure is made of cell windows, which meet three by three into struts (Figure 3b). Similar structures and pore sizes have been reported for low density materials prepared by freezing CNFs . Figure 3a also shows that the microstructure seems unaffected by the ionic strength of CaCl 2 used during material preparation.…”

Section: Aerogels From Cellulose Nanofibers and Sodium Alginatesupporting

confidence: 80%

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Françon

Wang

Marais

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

112

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This study presents a novel, green, and efficient way of preparing crosslinked aerogels from cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and alginate using non‐covalent chemistry. This new process can ultimately facilitate the fast, continuous, and large‐scale production of porous, light‐weight materials as it does not require freeze‐drying, supercritical CO2 drying, or any environmentally harmful crosslinking chemistries. The reported preparation procedure relies solely on the successive freezing, solvent‐exchange, and ambient drying of composite CNF‐alginate gels. The presented findings suggest that a highly‐porous structure can be preserved throughout the process by simply controlling the ionic strength of the gel. Aerogels with tunable densities (23–38 kg m−3) and compressive moduli (97–275 kPa) can be prepared by using different CNF concentrations. These low‐density networks have a unique combination of formability (using molding or 3D‐printing) and wet‐stability (when ion exchanged to calcium ions). To demonstrate their use in advanced wet applications, the printed aerogels are functionalized with very high loadings of conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate (PEDOT:TOS) polymer by using a novel in situ polymerization approach. In‐depth material characterization reveals that these aerogels have the potential to be used in not only energy storage applications (specific capacitance of 78 F g−1), but also as mechanical‐strain and humidity sensors.

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Section: Aerogels From Cellulose Nanofibers and Sodium Alginatesupporting

confidence: 80%

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Françon

Wang

Marais

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

112

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“…24 The random orientation of fibers obtained here usually does not occur in foams of CNF, because their preparation uses surfactants, which induces CNF accumulation at the water/air interface, producing a bubbly morphology that can appear in ambient-dried 17,18,25 and freeze-dried foams. 26 A more random assemble of CNF can be acquired using a method free of surfactants, but then CNF tend to align perpendicularly to the draining direction. 9 Microscopy images show open assemblies of fibers with a few contact points, evidencing that the foams prepared from hydrolyzed fibers present high surface area (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Morphology and Structure Of Cellulose Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Preparation of Cellulosic Lightweight Materials from Eucalyptus Pulp

Ferreira

Rezende

2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Cellulosic foams and aerogels are tridimensional materials prepared from cellulose fibers and nanostructures that display interesting properties, such as extremely low density, high fluid permeability, sound and heat insulation. Currently, the most common techniques to obtain such porous matrices are gel or foam forming, followed by freeze-drying or critical point drying, which are energy and time-consuming processes for solvent removal. In this work, we present a new methodology to produce cellulosic lightweight materials from eucalyptus pulp, using cellulose fibers partially hydrolyzed with sulfuric acid. This method is based on a drying step easily performed at mild temperatures around 60°C in a convection oven and eliminates the need of more sophisticated drying techniques. In addition, the procedure does not require the use of surfactants or special foam forming equipment. Micro-CT and FESEM analysis showed the formation of a porous and lightweight material (density as low as 0.15 g/cm³), where the fibers are randomly assembled in a 3D-network with a few contact points. Mechanical testing reveled that foams of hydrolyzed fibers have great performance under compressive strain, with high mechanical energy absorption (ca. 360 kJ/m³). This purely cellulosic material is suitable for the incorporation of particles or functional groups aiming a wide range of final applications.

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“…The first idea is to use anisotropic objects such as platelets or fibers. If properly controlled, the freeze front can align and orient the anisotropic objects, and thus induce preferential orientations in the structure [28,29], but also create lightweight, percolating fiber scaffolds (SiC, cellulose) [30,31]. The alignment of objects can be used later to obtain specific morphologies and thus microstructures [32] and improves structural or functional properties.…”

Section: Self-organisation Self-assemblymentioning

confidence: 99%

The lure of ice-templating: Recent trends and opportunities for porous materials

Deville

2018

Scripta Materialia

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Ice-templating is a simple materials processing and shaping route where the growth of crystals from a solvent template the porosity. Although the principles of ice-templating were established a long time ago, it has lured considerable attention over the past 5 years to become a well-established processing route for porous materials of all kinds. In this viewpoint, I summarize the current status and recent trends of ice-templating studies. I then review the unique assets of ice-templating and propose a roadmap of the most promising or pressing questions and opportunities in this domain.

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Cellulose nanofibril foams: Links between ice-templating conditions, microstructures and mechanical properties

Cited by 148 publications

References 75 publications

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Ambient‐Dried, 3D‐Printable and Electrically Conducting Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels by Inclusion of Functional Polymers

Simple Preparation of Cellulosic Lightweight Materials from Eucalyptus Pulp

The lure of ice-templating: Recent trends and opportunities for porous materials

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