Cellulosic Bast Fibers, Their Structure and Properties Suitable for Composite Applications

Zimniewska, Małgorzata; Władyka-Przybylak, Maria; Mańkowski, Jerzy

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_4

Cited by 53 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Plants for textile varieties grow up to 80-120 cm in height with the stem diameter of about 3 mm, while the plants for oleaginous varieties are smaller, i.e. 60-80 cm in height, and they are thicker [5]. Commercially important ax bres are historically known by two classes, namely by oriented, long-line bre for valued linen products and tow (short bre by-product) for short staple spinning and composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ey are held together by pectin and hemicellulose. e elementary bres are composed of a very thin (~ 0.2 µm) primary cell wall, a strongly developed secondary cell wall (dominating the cross section) subdivided into three layers, the middle, S2 layer, having the largest dimension, and a lumen, a small, open channel in the centre of the elementary bre [3,5,8]. e secondary cell wall contains crystalline cellulose micro brils and amorphous hemicellulose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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In recent years, the use of fl ax fi bres to replace glass fi bres as reinforcement in polymer composites has gained popularity due to an increasing environmental concern and requirement for developing sustainable materials. Many works deal with the properties of fl ax fi bres cultivated for textile applications, which are today used for polymer reinforcement. As fi brous material from oleaginous fl ax varieties and shives is available in large quantities and not promoted, its use in composites shall be further developed in the forthcoming years. Croatia and Slovenia mainly grow oleaginous fl ax, where after the seed collecting, most of the stems remain unused, the major portion being burned in fi elds, creating environmental pollution, or being disposed by ploughing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise and compare the properties of shives and technical fi bres extracted from fl ax Linum usitatissimum L., a textile variety planted in Croatia and from the Slovenian autochthonous oleaginous variety from Bela Krajina, to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The fl ax stems of the textile variety were subjected to water retting for 72 hours and the fl ax stems of the oleaginous variety were dew retted for four weeks. Dried retted stems were passed through a mechanical process of breaking and scotching, followed by heckling and combing, where the shives and fibres were separated into four groups according to their length. The characterisation of the fi brous material of both varieties was studied according to the results of optical and scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain, fi bre length, linear density and tensile strength, and according to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that the properties of investigated textile and oleaginous fl ax fi brous material were comparable, as were the properties of tested fi bre length groups within the same variety; that fl ax fi bres from textile and oleaginous varieties have adequate morphological and mechanical properties, and thermal stability for reinforcing polymer matrix composites; and that fl ax shives are more appropriate for fi llers in plastics with a lower reinforcing role. As the type of fi bre reinforcement (short fi bres, roving/yarns, nonwoven or woven fabrics) is very important for polymer composite properties, based on the obtained results, fi bres can be selected for specifi c purposes. Keywords: textile fl ax, oleaginous fl ax, fi brous material, polymer composite, reinforcement

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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“…The existing areas cover experimental plots. Several new nettle clones have been selected and characterised by high fibre content and strong tillering [15]. The trials with the clones of fibre nettle have been conducted in Austria, Germany and Italy [8,16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enable Environmental Policies for Eco-Industrial Growth: A Voluntary Government Tool for Local Productive Areas in Tuscany (Italy)

Gallo

2015

Renewable Energy in the Service of Mankind Vol I

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Recently, researchers have drawn their attention to industrial hemp ( Canabis sativa L.) and stinging nettle ( Urtica dioica L.), as feedstocks, potentially having a wide nonfood application. The aim of the present work was to compare dry matter (DM) and carbon (C) yields as well as C concentration in the above-ground biomass, stems and shives of the mentioned crops. In this chapter, extra attention has been paid to the C accumulation in stems and shives, since stems are a more environmentally friendly resource for solid biofuel compared to the whole aboveground part of the plant, and shives are an agricultural waste.Field experiments with industrial hemp (eight varieties) and stinging nettle (one wild nettle and two treatments of fibre nettle clone) were carried out during 2010-2012. Dew retting and water retting were used to extract the fibre. C concentration in the samples of hemp and nettle was determined by wet oxidation with dichromate.DM yield of the above-ground biomass of hemp amounted to an average of 10607 kg ha − 1 , of stems 9063 kg ha − 1 with high C concentrations of 555 and 568 g kg − 1 DM, respectively. DM yield of the nettle declined along with a harvest year and ranged from 11604 kg ha − 1 (2010) to 5596 kg ha − 1 (2012) averaging

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“…This layer of cellulose fibre gives the cell most of its support and structure. The structurally strong framework in the cell walls are formed by cellulose macrofibrills located in thin primary cell wall, which clasps broad secondary cell wall whose main components are cellulose macrofibrills embedded in hemicellulose and lignin amorphous matrix [4]. The cell wall also bonds with other cell walls to form the structure of the plant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For micro and nanofibre obtaining from elementary plant fibres several treatments must be carried out, this need to be done because fibres cell wall is not a homogeneous membrane [4]. To separate cellulose microfibrills from macrofibrills, matrix degradation should be carried out with chemical, mechanical or chemico-mechanical treatment; however, studies have shown that for natural fibre it is not enough with only one type of treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Mechanical and Chemico-mechanical Treatment on Natural Fibre Dimensions

Grave

Kukle

Šutka

et al. 2013

MSTCT

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Abstract. The Research aim is to find the most time and energy economic treatment of natural fibres to obtain micro and nanofibres. Alkaline treatment, steam explosion autohydrolysis and ultrasonic treatment effect on hemp fibres and shives dimensions were examined. Fibres length, diameter, form factor and sifting amount were analyzed. The results of the analysis show that an increase in treatment intensity gives a higher amount of fibres being noticeably shorter and thinner than the untreated dew-retted fibres. Fine content of fibres and shives increases, when treatment intensity increases.

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Cellulosic Bast Fibers, Their Structure and Properties Suitable for Composite Applications

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Enable Environmental Policies for Eco-Industrial Growth: A Voluntary Government Tool for Local Productive Areas in Tuscany (Italy)

The Impact of Mechanical and Chemico-mechanical Treatment on Natural Fibre Dimensions

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