Cement-based piezoelectret

Huang, Chiung-Yi; Wang, Shoukai; Chung, D.D.L.

doi:10.1617/s11527-008-9401-y

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The d value obtained using equation (11), as shown in table 1, is smaller than those obtained using equations (9) or (10), as typically expected.…”

Section: Piezoelectret Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Table 1 shows that the piezoelectret coupling coefficient d 33 is negative for both types of steel, with the magnitude being higher for low carbon steel than stainless steel. For each type of steel, the d 33 value based on equation ( 9) is much higher than the value based on equations (10) or (11). This means that the conventional piezoelectret mechanism, as described by equation (9), dominates the observed behavior.…”

Section: Piezoelectret Behaviormentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The piezoelectret effect refers to the effect of stress on the electric dipole in the electret [7][8][9][10][11]. This effect can be used for stress sensing and, if it is strong enough, can be used for mechanical energy harvesting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Chung

2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Electret, piezoelectret, piezoresistivity and stress-dependent electric permittivity are reported in unmodified steels. Structural stress/strain self-sensing based on piezoelectret/piezoresistivity is demonstrated under tension. Structural self-powering is shown by the electret's inherent electric field, (2.224×10 −5 ) V m −1 and (1.051×10 −5 ) V m −1 , and power density, 29.2 and 41.8 W m −3 , for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively, being enabled by the electret's electrical conductivity. The free-electron-movement-enabled electrets are supported by the asymmetry in the polarization-induced apparent resistance relative to the true resistance upon polarity reversal. The electric field increases linearly with the inter-electrode distance l. An l increase causes the amount of participating free electrons to increase and the fraction of free electrons that participate to decrease; when l is tripled, the amount is increased by a factor of 1.011 and 1.021 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively, while the fraction of free electrons that participate is decreased by a corresponding factor of 0.337 and 0.340. The higher values for stainless steel are consistent with the higher relative permittivity (2 kHz), 1.23×10 6 and 2.89×10 6 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The capacitance (2 kHz) and electric field (DC) of the piezoelectret decrease nonlinearly with increasing stress, due to electret weakening; the decrease is reversible at stress 210 MPa, but is irreversible at stress 340 MPa (elastic regime). This effect is stronger for low carbon steel than stainless steel. The piezoelectret coupling coefficient d 33 is −(6.6±0.1)×10 −7 and −(3.6±0.2)×10 −7 pC N −1 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The relative permittivity (2 kHz) decreases nonlinearly by 14% with stress 340 MPa. The piezoresistivity involves the DC resistivity decreasing nonlinearly and reversibly by 10% with stress 340 MPa; the gage factor is −1030 and −800 for low carbon steel and stainless steel, respectively. The reversibility upon unloading is superior for piezoresistivity than piezoelectret.

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“…The d value obtained using equation (11), as shown in table 1, is smaller than those obtained using equations (9) or (10), as typically expected.…”

Section: Piezoelectret Behaviorsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Piezoelectret Behaviormentioning

confidence: 91%

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Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Chung

2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…They provide piezoelectric behavior to the cement matrix, and they have been studied in the two last decades [ 157 ]. The piezoelectric behavior of a material consists in a change of the voltage across the material when it is subjected to a stress or load [ 158 ]. In this sense, the use of PZT-cement composites as sensors aimed at in situ real-time structural health monitoring is being investigated [ 159 , 160 ].…”

Section: Nanoinclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Admixtures in Cement-Matrix Composites for Mechanical Reinforcement, Sustainability, and Smart Features

et al. 2016

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For more than a century, several inclusions have been mixed with Portland cement—nowadays the most-consumed construction material worldwide—to improve both the strength and durability required for construction. The present paper describes the different families of inclusions that can be combined with cement matrix and reviews the achievements reported to date regarding mechanical performance, as well as two other innovative functionalities of growing importance: reducing the high carbon footprint of Portland cement, and obtaining new smart features. Nanomaterials stand out in the production of such advanced features, allowing the construction of smart or multi-functional structures by means of thermal- and strain-sensing, and photocatalytic properties. The first self-cleaning concretes (photocatalytic) have reached the markets. In this sense, it is expected that smart concretes will be commercialized to address specialized needs in construction and architecture. Conversely, other inclusions that enhance strength or reduce the environmental impact remain in the research stage, in spite of the promising results reported in these issues. Despite the fact that such functionalities are especially profitable in the case of massive cement consumption, the shift from the deeply established Portland cement to green cements still has to overcome economic, institutional, and technical barriers.

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“…The key elements for such health monitoring are sensors. However, it is noted that the sensors suitable for application in other engineering fields, such as mechanical engineering, may not be applicable in civil engineering fields due to the differences in the properties between smart materials and the host structures [1][2][3][4][5] . For example, the acoustic impedance, thermal expansion, shrinkage and creep characteristics of concrete, which is the most popular material in civil engineering, are quite different from those of the metals and alloys, which are frequently used in mechanical engineering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cement Based Piezoelectric Composite Sensorfor Health Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structure

Huang

Chang²,

Qin

et al. 2011

AMR

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A cement based piezoelectric composite sensor using 1-3 cement based piezoelectric composite as sensing element was fabricated. The basic properties of the sensor were mainly investigated. The results indicate that in the frequency range from 0.1 to 40 Hz, the output voltage amplitudes of the sensor increase nonlinearly with increasing frequency of input load under 10 Hz. When the frequency of input load is larger than about 10 Hz, the output voltage amplitudes of the sensor is nearly independent of frequency. There exists an obviously linear relationship between the output voltage amplitude of the sensor and input load amplitude. The output voltage of the sensor is correspond to the complex load very well. The phase difference between the output voltage of the sensor and input load is near zero. Therefore such sensors have a good potential to be used in civil engineering structural health monitoring.

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Cement-based piezoelectret

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Electret, piezoelectret and piezoresistivity discovered in steels, with application to structural self-sensing and structural self-powering

Admixtures in Cement-Matrix Composites for Mechanical Reinforcement, Sustainability, and Smart Features

A Cement Based Piezoelectric Composite Sensorfor Health Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structure

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