Cement, Lime, and Fly Ashes in Stabilizing Expansive Soils: Performance Evaluation and Comparison

Mahedi, Masrur; Çetin, Bora; White, David J.

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003260

Cited by 99 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The first step of stabilization is prehomogenization that involves adding the components into the soil, further elaborating the final result of mass stabilization [72]. Stabilization provides additional challenges, where detailed studies of design, climate, and drainage require more comprehensive analysis [73,74].…”

Section: Mass Stabilization As An Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

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Section: Mass Stabilization As An Optionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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“…For instance, Phan [8] indicated that the unconfined compressive strength, shear strength parameters on consolidated-undrained and unconsolidated-undrained triaxial tests improved with various cement contents of 4-8% OPC; furthermore, results also indicated that Portland cement of 4% was the economical ratio for treated mudstone. Mahedi et al [19] treated expansive soil with cement, lime, and fly ash and revealed that the Atterberg limits, pH, unconfined compressive strength, and volumetric swell were best with 10% -10% calcium oxide in stabilizers for expansive soils. Simatupang et al [20] conducted fly-ash-stabilized sands and concluded that UCS and direct shear strength values increased by increasing fly ash content and curing time in the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering properties of soil stabilized with cement and fly ash for sustainable road construction

Phan

Nguyen

2021

IJE

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“…Such soils are abundantly present in various Asian regions, including Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Malaysia, and Oman, and their presence significantly impedes the construction work and causes long-term stability problems [9,10]. ey exhibit a higher affinity for moisture; that is, they swell upon water uptake and shrink when water dissipates [7,11]. In some cases, the volume rises up to three or even more times the original volume, thus exerting a swelling pressure on overlying foundation structures [12], which results in crack development of the foundations of residential buildings, highways and airfield pavements, and underground utilities [13,14]; particularly, the lightly loaded structures undergo excessive damage near the ground surface [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effectiveness of lime as well as cement in soils containing sulfates (SO 4 ) is poor [32]. In addition, these stabilizers impart brittleness to soils, which is highly undesirable in dynamic loading conditions in case of pavements [11]. Mostly, the soil stabilizers are broadly grouped into three major categories: (i) traditional additives (e.g., CaO and cement), (ii) by-product additives (marble dust, cement kiln dust such as CKD, and fly ash), and (iii) nontraditional additives (e.g., ammonium compounds, sulfonated oils, and polymers) [7,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength, Hydraulic, and Microstructural Characteristics of Expansive Soils Incorporating Marble Dust and Rice Husk Ash

Jalal

Mulk

Memon

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Expansive/swell-shrink soils exhibit high plasticity and low strength, which lead to settlement and instability of lightly loaded structures. These problematic soils contain various swelling clay minerals that are unsuitable for engineering requirements. In an attempt to counter the treacherous damage of such soils in modern geotechnical engineering, efforts are underway to utilize environmentally friendly and sustainable waste materials as stabilizers. This study evaluates the strength and consolidation characteristics of expansive soils treated with marble dust (MD) and rice husk ash (RHA) through a multitude of laboratory tests, including consistency limits, compaction, uniaxial compression strength (UCS), and consolidation tests. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, the effect of curing on UCS after 3, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112 days was studied from the standpoint of microstructural changes. Also, the long-term strength development of treated soils was analyzed in terms of the interactive response of impacting factors with the assistance of a series of ANN-based sensitivity analyses. It is found from the results that the addition of MD and RHA lowered down the water holding capacity, thereby causing a reduction in soil plasticity (by 21% for MD and 14.5% for RHA) and optimum water content (by 2% for MD and increased by 6% for RHA) along with an increase in the UCS (for 8% MD from 97 kPa to 471 kPa and for 10% RHA from 211 kPa to 665 kPa, after 3 days and 112 days of curing, respectively). Moreover, from the oedometer test results, m v initially increased up to 6% dosage and then dropped with further increase in the preconsolidation pressure. Furthermore, the compression index dropped with an increase in the preconsolidation pressure and addition of MD/RHA, while the coefficient of permeability (k) of RHA stabilized soil was higher than that of MD-treated samples for almost all dosage levels. The formation of the fibrous cementitious compounds (C-S-H; C-A-H) increased at optimum additive dosage after 7 days and at higher curing periods. Hence, the use of 10% RHA and 12% MD as replacement of the expansive soil is recommended for higher efficacy. This research would be helpful in reducing the impacts created by the disposal of both expansive soil and industrial and agricultural waste materials.

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Cement, Lime, and Fly Ashes in Stabilizing Expansive Soils: Performance Evaluation and Comparison

Cited by 99 publications

References 55 publications

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Engineering properties of soil stabilized with cement and fly ash for sustainable road construction

Strength, Hydraulic, and Microstructural Characteristics of Expansive Soils Incorporating Marble Dust and Rice Husk Ash

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