Cement modification of tropical black clay using iron ore tailings as admixture

Osinubi, Kolawole J.; Yohanna, P.; Eberemu, Adrian O.

doi:10.1016/j.trgeo.2015.10.001

Cited by 93 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The linear shrinkage decreased with increase in the ash content for up to 4% treatment. Similar results indicative of enhanced index properties were obtained when fly ash (Coka 2011), rice husk ash (Eberemu, 2011) and iron ore tailing (Etim et al, 2014;Osinubi et al, 2015) was used. The Atterberg limits are indices of the quantity of clay sized particles and their mineralogical composition.…”

Section: Atterberg Limitssupporting

confidence: 70%

Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage Characteristics of Highly Expansive Tropical Black Clay Treated with Groundnut Shell Ash for Barrier Consideration

2019

CER

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Contamination of underground water as a result of excessive crack on clay liner material is a prevalent phenomenon in an engineered landfill. Volumetric shrinkage strain (VSS) is one of the veritable properties considered for selection of materials suitable for liners and cover in waste containment systems. Material devoid of excessive shrinkage and cracking during climate change could possibly make a better barrier material that will eventually limit or control infiltration of leachate in an engineered landfill. Hence, to obtain a clay liner and covers system that are safe and robust, stabilization of such soil (expansive clay soils) becomes imperative. In order to stabilize or reduce excessive cracking and shrinkage of this soil, earlier researchers have employed cement, chemicals, and fibers. However, in recent times, the ill effects of these stabilizers on the environment have been realized, and hence their replacement with sustainable materials that are mostly agro and or industry by-products is becoming necessary. Tropical dark grey clay treated with up to 8 % Groundnut shell ash (GSA), was carried out. Specimen were compacted using British standard light (BSL) and British standard heavy (BSH) compactive efforts; at water contents between 2% dry and 4% wet of optimum. The compacted specimens were extruded and subjected to drying under laboratory conditions to evaluate its desiccation induced shrinkage and hence its suitability as a cover material in waste containment facilities. Results of this study show that changes in mass and volumetric shrinkage strain were large within the first five days of drying. Volumetric shrinkage strain increased with higher moulding water contents (MWC) and water contents relative to optimum (WRO). The effect of GSA treatment on VSS was not consistent from-2 to +2 % of optimum moisture content. For specimen prepared at +4 % of optimum moisture content, VSS decreased up to a threshold of 28% at 6 % GSA and 30% at 4% GSA for BSH and BSL compactive effort, respectively. Generally, lower compactive effort (BSL) with higher moulding water content and lower dry density produced higher VSS. A regression function was developed from the data to estimate VSS given the compaction water content relative to optimum (WRO), groundnut shell ash content (GSA), plasticity index (PI), percentage fine content (PF) and compactive effort (CE). Compaction water content relative to optimum significantly correlated with VSS, thus should be strictly regulated during field compaction to realize a durable hydraulic barrier.

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Section: Atterberg Limitssupporting

confidence: 70%

Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage Characteristics of Highly Expansive Tropical Black Clay Treated with Groundnut Shell Ash for Barrier Consideration

2019

CER

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“…The general reduction may be due to cation exchange reaction that liberated absorbed water molecules at the outer layers of the soil leading to the flocculation and aggregation of the soil [23,24]. The reduction could also be attributed to the effect of the Ca 2+ in the EFBA on the high affinity for Si/Al of the clay and silt fractions of the soil as well as the agglomeration and flocculation of the clay particles which resulted in the exchange of ions at the surface of the clay particles [25,26]. The reduction in SG could be attributed to lower combined specific gravity of EFBA (2.31) replacing the laterite soil particles with higher specific gravity (2.62).…”

Section: Index Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil palm empty fruit bunch ash stabilized laterite as a fill material for low-volume pavement

Oke¹,

Obaji²,

Osinubi³

2020

Nig. J. Tech.

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A reddish-brown laterite was treated with up to 14 % oil palm empty fruit bunch ash (EFBA) by dry weight of soil and compacted with the British Standard light, BSL (or Standard Proctor) compactive effort. Index, compaction, strength and durability tests as well as microanalysis of the natural and stabilized specimens were carried out. The index, compaction characteristics (maximum dry density, MDD and optimum moisture content, OMC) and strength properties (California bearing ratio, CBR and unconfined compressive strength, UCS) were improved with higher EFBA treatment. Peak un-soaked and soaked CBR values of 70.0 and 45.0 %, as well as peak UCS strengths of 253.0, 462.0 and 577 kN/m2 at 7, 14 and 28 days curing were recorded at 8 % EFBA content. Based on the CBR specification specified in the Nigerian General Specifications, the laterite optimally treated with 8 % EFBA compacted with the BSL compactive effort can be used as a fill material in the construction of low-volume traffic pavement. The benefit of the EFBA application is primarily the reduction of the adverse environmental impact of the oil palm empty fruit bunch waste. Keywords: California bearing ratio, durability, laterite, oil palm empty fruit bunch ash, microanalysis, stabilization

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“…The outcome of laboratory study displaying attributes of the improved soil was enhanced when tested with cement-IOT blends. Experimental results expressed attenuation of the satisfactory fraction, attenuation in liquid and plastic limits and enhancement in optimum dry density, with a reduction in optimum content of moisture (OMC) besides attenuation in shear strength rate of the natural soil [38].…”

Section: Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis, Uses and Environment Implications of Iron Oxides and Ores

Egirani¹,

Latif²,

Poyi³

et al. 2018

Iron Ores and Iron Oxide Materials

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Iron oxides are chemical complexes which occur naturally, comprising iron and oxygen. Here, together, 16 types of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides have been identified. These two components of oxides are widely spread naturally. They are vital to humans and useful in most geological and biological activities. In addition, they are useful as pigments and catalyst in industries and hemoglobin in blood circulation. The interplay and conversion of these components from one form to another are essentially controlled by bacterial species. These contain 70 and 72% iron, respectively. Furthermore, iron ores are classified in terms of occurrence. Banded iron formation (BIF) comprises 15% iron, comprising minerals of iron that are bedded besides silica. Beneficiation processes of iron ore generate dust in the atmosphere, acid mine drainage in the ecosystem and metallic iron for steelmaking. Beneficiation process requires dissolution of minerals surrounding the ore and the release of metals and cement matrix into water courses. These generates acid leading to acid mine drainage. Therefore, there is a need for impact assessment of the environment in the planned beneficiation cycle. Sustainable beneficiation must be done to reduce impact on the natural, social or economic environment.

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Cement modification of tropical black clay using iron ore tailings as admixture

Cited by 93 publications

References 9 publications

Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage Characteristics of Highly Expansive Tropical Black Clay Treated with Groundnut Shell Ash for Barrier Consideration

Desiccation-Induced Volumetric Shrinkage Characteristics of Highly Expansive Tropical Black Clay Treated with Groundnut Shell Ash for Barrier Consideration

Oil palm empty fruit bunch ash stabilized laterite as a fill material for low-volume pavement

Genesis, Uses and Environment Implications of Iron Oxides and Ores

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