Cement mortar cracking under accelerated steel corrosion test: A mechanical and electrochemical model

Segovia, E.; Almenar, Guillem de Vera; Miró, Marina Martinez; Ramis, J.; Climent, M.Á.

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115222

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Corrosion leads to the decaying of a material on account of its chemical reaction with the surroundings. Mainly, corrosion occurs in metals when their surface comes into direct contact with liquid or gas, and it further deteriorates in environments with warm acids, salts, and high temperatures [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Erosion–Corrosion Behaviour of Friction Stir-Processed Chromium-Reinforced NiAl Bronze Composite

et al. 2022

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Corrosion is frequently viewed as a catastrophic and unavoidable disaster in marine applications. Every year, a huge cost is incurred on the maintenance and repair of corrosion-affected equipment and machinery. In the marine environment, as-cast nickel–aluminium bronze (NAB) is susceptible to selective phase corrosion. To solve this problem, chromium-reinforced nickel–aluminium bronze was fabricated using the friction stir process (FSP) with improved microstructures and surface properties. A slurry erosion–corrosion test on as-cast and FSPed composites demonstrated that the developed surfaced composite has lower erosion and corrosion rates than the as-cast NAB alloy. The erosion–corrosion rate increased with a decrease in the impact angle from 90° to 30° for both as-cast NAB and prepared composites, exhibiting a shear mode of erosion. The specimens at impact angle 30° experienced more pitting action and higher mass loss compared with those at impact angle 90°. Due to increases in the mechanical properties, the FS-processed composite showed higher erosion resistance than the as-cast NAB alloy. Furthermore, corrosion behaviour was also studied via the static immersion corrosion test and electrochemical measurements under 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. In a static immersion corrosion test, the FSPed composite outperformed the as-cast NAB composite by a wide margin. The FSPed composite also demonstrated a reduced electrochemical corrosion rate, as revealed by the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) data. This reduced rate is attributed to the formation of a Cr oxide film over its surface in the corrosive environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Erosion–Corrosion Behaviour of Friction Stir-Processed Chromium-Reinforced NiAl Bronze Composite

et al. 2022

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“…The propagation period is related to the oxidation of steel reinforcements and the formation of rust products, followed by the concrete cover cracking. Usually, cracking of the concrete cover is considered to indicate the end of the service life of concrete structures affected by steel reinforcement corrosion [ 17 ]. Since classical methods of examining the development of corrosion processes are time consuming [ 18 , 19 ], various methods of accelerating the corrosion process are used [ 3 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Still, there are concerns about validating this model, since they are closely related to the simulated object and a specific situation in FEM projects [ 5 , 27 , 40 , 41 ]. The work in [ 17 ] presents a mechanical model where XFEM-Based Crack Growth Simulation module of Ansys Software is used to describe the distribution of stresses in the cross-section samples in the corrosion process. However, there was a problem with determining the cracking time, since in all cases, shorter times than observed in experimental studies were obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Corrosion Processes on the Degradation of Concrete Cover

Szweda,

Skórkowski,

Konečný

2024

Materials

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In this work, two methods were used to accelerate the corrosion of concrete. In the first method, chloride ions were injected into the concrete using the migration method. The moment of the initiation of the corrosion process was monitored using an electrochemical method of measuring polarization resistance. In the next step, the corrosion process was accelerated by the electrolysis process. Changes on the sample surface were also monitored using a camera. In the second method, the corrosion process of the reinforcing bar was initiated by the use of the electrolysis process only. Here, changes occurring on the surfaces of the tested sample were recorded using two web cameras placed on planes perpendicular to each other. Continuous measurement of the current flowing through the system was carried out in both cases. It was assumed that in conditions of natural corrosion, a crack would occur when the sum of the mass loss of the reinforcing bar due to corrosion reached the same value in tcr(real) (real time) as it reached in the tcr (time of cracking) during the accelerated corrosion test. The real time value was estimated for C1 concrete with cement CEM I. The estimated value was tcr(real) = 1.1 years and for C2 concrete with cement CEM III, tcr(real) = 11.2 years. However, the main difference that was observed during the tests was the nature of the concrete cracks. In the case of the C1 concrete sample, these occurred along the reinforcing bar, while in the C2 concrete, the failures occurred on a perpendicular plane transverse to the direction of the reinforcing bar.

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“…Steel embedded in concrete is prone to corrosion, particularly in aggressive environments, leading to deterioration and a reduction in the Useful Life Period of Structures (RULPS) [1]. The rate of corrosion of the steel reinforcement in concrete is a function of environmental characteristics, humidity, oxygen, and temperature [2]. Corrosion products accumulate around the reinforcement with a volume six times greater, creating internal stress states and detachment of the covering concrete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Looking Into the Anthropocene: Sustainable Design Philosophy, Behaviour of GFRP and Steel in Concrete Beams Subjected to Flexion

Maza,

Silverio,

Maza

2024

World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering

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The corrosion of steel embedded in structural elements of ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPC) induces cracks and fissures, contributing to the reduction of the Useful Life Period of Structures (RULPS). The global OPC industry is the third-largest emitter of Anthropogenic 𝐶𝑂 2 (A_𝐶𝑂 2 ). Producing one ton of OPC implies producing another ton of 𝐶𝑂 2 , accounting for a 7% carbon footprint on a global scale. The RULPS of Reinforced Concrete (RC) housing due to reinforcement corrosion doubles A_𝐶𝑂 2 emissions. Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars do not corrode. The objective is to contribute to reducing 𝐶𝑂 2 emissions in RC constructions. The behavior of GFRP and STEEL concrete reinforcement was studied separately through shear, flexion, and traction in concrete beams. Three specimens of simply reinforced concrete beams with steel (V1SRA, V2SRA, and V3SRA) were fabricated according to ASTM C-31, as well as a model of a simply reinforced beam with GFRP (V1SRP). Flexural tests using the three-point method were executed on a SHIMADZU machine. Numerical records were organized for statistical processing. It was found that the tensile strength of GFRP bars applied as reinforcement in concrete beams exceeds by 37.41% the tensile strength of reinforcing steel bars under the same conditions. It is reported that the beam model (VSRP, 𝐴 𝑓 =1.571 𝑐𝑚 2 ) does not show significant fissures before failure. It is concluded that the toughness of polymer bars reinforced with glass fibers significantly attenuates the generation of fissures and cracks in concrete beams. In this sense, the useful life of concrete structures is stabilized. The two materials studied must coexist as a philosophy of sustainable design.

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Cement mortar cracking under accelerated steel corrosion test: A mechanical and electrochemical model

Cited by 7 publications

References 54 publications

A Study of Erosion–Corrosion Behaviour of Friction Stir-Processed Chromium-Reinforced NiAl Bronze Composite

A Study of Erosion–Corrosion Behaviour of Friction Stir-Processed Chromium-Reinforced NiAl Bronze Composite

The Influence of Corrosion Processes on the Degradation of Concrete Cover

Looking Into the Anthropocene: Sustainable Design Philosophy, Behaviour of GFRP and Steel in Concrete Beams Subjected to Flexion

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