Cementum

Foster, Brian L.; Somerman, Martha J.

doi:10.1002/9781118704868.ch20

Cited by 22 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Interestingly, in our study, GLUT1 ( Slc2a1 ) is elevated 2.4× in cementoblasts compared to osteoblasts in line with their results, although the other genes reported do not appear to be altered in the current study. CAP has also been proposed as a cementoblast marker, however in this study we found no change in Ptpla expression, consistent with other reports that have questioned the specificity of this marker (4, 5). Finally, a study comparing the proteome of human cementum with bone identified 83 proteins that were detectable in cementum but not bone, 105 in bone only, and numerous others that were expressed at different levels (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Currently, CBs are defined by their location, lining the tooth root surface, and morphology similar to osteoblasts. Cementum is similar to bone, consisting of a mineralized collagen matrix, and containing non-collagenous proteins including bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin, however it lacks vasculature and innervation (4). At least two different types of cementum are found in healthy teeth, acellular cementum which is critical for attachment of the tooth to the surrounding PDL, and cellular cementum, which appears to play a role in occlusional positioning (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cementum is similar to bone, consisting of a mineralized collagen matrix, and containing non-collagenous proteins including bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin, however it lacks vasculature and innervation (4). At least two different types of cementum are found in healthy teeth, acellular cementum which is critical for attachment of the tooth to the surrounding PDL, and cellular cementum, which appears to play a role in occlusional positioning (4). Studies directed at identifying CB specific genes, have determined a few genes that show some specificity to cementoblasts such as cementum attachment protein (CAP, Ptpla ) and glucose transporter GLUT1 ( Slc2a1 ) (5, 6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene‐expression analysis of cementoblasts and osteoblasts

Matthews

Roguljić

Franceschetti

et al. 2015

J of Periodontal Research

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Objective The purpose of this study was to assess differences in gene expression between cementoblasts and osteoblasts using gene profiling of cell populations isolated directly from osteocalcin-GFP transgenic mice. Background Cementum and bone are similar mineralized tissues, but cementum accumulates much more slowly, does not have vasculature or innervation or undergo remodeling. Despite these differences, there are no well-established markers to distinguish cementoblasts from other mature mineralizing cells such as osteoblasts and odontoblasts. Methods Osteocalcin-GFP (OC-GFP) reporter mice were used as they show labeling of cementoblasts, osteoblasts and odontoblasts, but not periodontal ligament fibroblasts, within the periodontium. We sorted cells digested from the molar root surface to isolate OC-GFP+ cementoblasts. Osteoblasts were isolated from calvarial digests. Microarray analysis was performed, and selected results were confirmed by real time PCR and immunostaining or in situ hybridization. Results Microarray analysis identified 95 genes that were expressed at least 2-fold higher in cementoblasts than osteoblasts. Our analysis indicated that the Wnt signaling pathway was differentially regulated, as were genes related to skeletal development. Real time PCR confirmed that expression of Wnt inhibitors Wif1 and Sfrp1 was elevated in cementoblasts compared to osteoblasts, and Wif1 expression was localized to the apical root region. In addition, the transcription factor Barx1 was expressed at higher levels in cementoblasts, and immunohistochemistry indicated that BARX1 expression was detectable in apical cementoblasts and cementocytes, but was not present in osteoblasts or odontoblasts. Conclusion The OC-GFP mouse provides a good model for selectively isolating cementoblasts, and allowed for identification of differentially expressed genes between cementoblasts and osteoblasts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gene‐expression analysis of cementoblasts and osteoblasts

Matthews

Roguljić

Franceschetti

et al. 2015

J of Periodontal Research

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“…Dental cementum covering the tooth root is similar to bone, but remains poorly understood in several respects, including potential function(s) of the terminally differentiated cementocytes residing in the cellular cementum [1]. Once thought to be passive cells residing within bone, osteocytes are now recognized to actively modulate bone homeostasis and remodeling, respond to mechanical loading, and contribute to endocrine regulation of mineral metabolism [5-7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dental cementum, a mineralized tissue covering the tooth root dentin, is present in two types, acellular and cellular [1]. Acellular cementum covers the cervical tooth root and is critical for tooth attachment to the periodontal ligament.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Functional Analysis of an Immortalized Murine Cementocyte Cell Line, IDG-CM6

Zhao

Nociti

Duan

et al. 2015

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The dental cementum covering the tooth root is similar to bone in several respects, but remains poorly understood in terms of development and differentiation of cementoblasts, as well as the potential function(s) of cementocytes residing in the cellular cementum. It is not known if the cementocyte is a dynamic actor in cementum metabolism, comparable to the osteocyte in the bone. Cementocytes exhibit irregular spacing and lacunar shape, with fewer canalicular connections compared to osteocytes. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR (qPCR) revealed that the in vivo expression profile of cementocytes paralleled that of osteocytes, including expression of dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1/DMP1), Sost/sclerostin, E11/gp38/podoplanin, Tnfrsf11b (osteoprotegerin; OPG), and Tnfsf11 (receptor activator of NF-kB ligand; RANKL). We used the Immortomouse+/−; Dmp1-GFP+/− mice to isolate cementocytes as Dmp1-expressing cells followed by immortalization using the interferon (IFN)-γ-inducible promoter driving expression of a thermolabile large T antigen to create the first immortalized line of cementocytes, IDG-CM6. This cell line reproduced the expression profile of cementocytes observed in vivo, including alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization. IDG-CM6 cells expressed higher levels of Tnfrsf11b, and lower levels of Tnfsf11 compared to IDG-SW3 osteocytes, and under fluid flow shear stress, IDG-CM6 cells significantly increased OPG while decreasing RANKL, leading to a significantly increased OPG/RANKL ratio, which would inhibit osteoclast activation. These studies indicate similarities yet potentially important differences in the function of cementocytes as compared to osteocytes and support cementocytes as mechanically responsive cells.

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Differences between biological and chronological age‐at‐death in human skeletal remains: A change of perspective

Couoh

2017

American J Phys Anthropol

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TCA can be used to estimate CA and its differences with BA, being less than 10 years, are similar to those found in living populations. Differences between CA and BA are due to intra-population variability, which could be the consequence of individual differences in aging. More research is needed to have confidence that under- and overestimations of BA are indicators of aging variability at the level of the individual.

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Cementum

Cited by 22 publications

References 55 publications

Gene‐expression analysis of cementoblasts and osteoblasts

Gene‐expression analysis of cementoblasts and osteoblasts

Isolation and Functional Analysis of an Immortalized Murine Cementocyte Cell Line, IDG-CM6

Differences between biological and chronological age‐at‐death in human skeletal remains: A change of perspective

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