CEN technical specification for solid biofuels—Fuel specification and classes

Alakangas, Eija; Valtanen, Jouni; Levlin, J.-E.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.06.001

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…CHP technologies reach the highest efficiencies if woody biomass is used rather than non-woody biomass [36], so it is interesting to use primary forest biomass and sub-products from sawmills for these purposes. Another important aspect to be considered is the quality of the wood chips, since current technologies require specific quality standards according to the end-user needs [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of micro- and small-scale technologies to produce electricity and heat from Mediterranean forests׳ wood chips

González

Riba

Puig

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of micro- and small-scale technologies to produce electricity and heat from Mediterranean forests׳ wood chips

González

Riba

Puig

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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“…Low ash content in wood fuels could benefit the end users in terms of energy content and time for emptying ash (van Loo and Koppejen 2008). As reported by Alakangas et al (2006), a raw material ash content of less than 0.7% is a requirement for the production of high quality solid biofuels (e.g., wood briquettes and wood pellets). From these fuel requirements, the primary limitation for the use of low quality trees as raw materials for the production of solid biofuels is the higher ash content levels as compared to healthy trees.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Wood in Relation with Tree Vigor

Nguyen¹,

Cloutier²,

Achim³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The fuel properties of wood obtained from sugar maple (SM) and yellow birch (YB) of temperate hardwood stands located in the Province of Québec, Canada were studied to see how tree vigor affects the chemical composition and calorific value of the wood. This study focused on the physical and chemical properties of wood with the aim of using the material for the production of solid biofuels. Specific items measured included the wood's calorific values, and the levels of extractives, ash, and lignin. Changes in chemical composition were found among tree vigor classes. The low vigor trees had higher extractives, ash, and lignin contents than the vigorous trees. Total extractives ranged between 4.88 and 7.32% in SM, and between 3.35 and 5.12% in YB. Klason lignin ranged between 21.46 and 23.53% in SM, and between 18.60 and 21.51% in YB. Ash content ranged between 0.38 and 0.97% in SM, and between 0.26 and 0.47% in YB. The combined effects of higher lignin content that could contribute to a better self-bonding of particles and of higher extractives content that could facilitate the pelletization process makes the low vigor trees more suitable for conversion into solid biofuels. The higher amounts of extractives and lignin present in the low vigor sugar maple and yellow birch trees could also have a positive role in maintaining the high calorific values of this wood despite higher ash content.

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“…This category includes straw and wood chips as well as refined fuels such as pellets [5]. Denmark has one of the highest share of bioenergy among the EU countries [6].…”

Section: The Danish Energy Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The wood fuel market in Denmark – Price development, market efficiency and internationalization

Olsson

Hillring

2014

Energy

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CEN technical specification for solid biofuels—Fuel specification and classes

Cited by 55 publications

References 0 publications

Review of micro- and small-scale technologies to produce electricity and heat from Mediterranean forests׳ wood chips

Review of micro- and small-scale technologies to produce electricity and heat from Mediterranean forests׳ wood chips

Fuel Properties of Sugar Maple and Yellow Birch Wood in Relation with Tree Vigor

The wood fuel market in Denmark – Price development, market efficiency and internationalization

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