Cenozoic migration of topography in the North American Cordillera

Mix, H.; Mulch, Andreas; Kent-Corson, Malinda Louise; Chamberlain, C. Page

doi:10.1130/g31450.1

Cited by 124 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…9a and 9d). The uplift history of North America is controversial, although a recent isotope study suggests high elevations by the Eocene-Oligocene (Mix et al 2011), which is broadly reflected by the prescribed elevation in our model (75% of the modern; Herold et al 2008). Thus, if lower elevations are considered then this may partially explain the absence of wet summers along the west coast in our Miocene case.…”

Section: B Seasonal Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 69%

Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and Atmosphere*

2011

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This study presents results from the Community Climate System Model 3 (CCSM3) forced with early to middle Miocene (;20-14 Ma) vegetation, topography, bathymetry, and modern CO 2 . A decrease in the meridional temperature gradient of 6.58C and an increase in global mean temperature of 1.58C are modeled in comparison with a control simulation forced with modern boundary conditions. Seasonal poleward displacements of the subtropical jet streams and storm tracks compared to the control simulation are associated with changes in Hadley circulation and significant cooling of the polar stratosphere, consistent with previously predicted effects of global warming. Energy budget calculations indicate that reduced albedo and topography were responsible for Miocene warmth in the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere while a combination of increased ocean heat transport and reduced albedo was responsible for relative warmth in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere, compared to the present. Model-data analysis suggests Miocene climate was significantly warmer and wetter than simulated here, consistent with previous uncoupled Miocene models and supports recent reconstructions of Miocene CO 2 substantially higher than present.

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Section: B Seasonal Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 69%

Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and Atmosphere*

2011

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“…[35] We consider it unlikely that the increasing dD values with depth directly track the isotopic composition of meteoric fluids over time from 27 to 21 Ma: Compiled oxygen isotope in precipitation data for the Cenozoic western United States document that similar-to-modern rainfall and isotope in precipitation patterns developed as early as 40 Ma and that low-dD values have characterized the central Great Basin since that time [Mix et al, 2011]. An increase in dD water of ca.…”

Section: Gébelin Et Al: Detachments and Meteoric Fluid Flow Tc5010 Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligo‐Miocene extensional tectonics and fluid flow across the Northern Snake Range detachment system, Nevada

Gébelin¹,

Mulch²,

Teyssier

et al. 2011

Tectonics

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[1] The Northern Snake Range (Nevada) represents a spectacular example of a metamorphic core complex and exposes a complete section from the mylonitic footwall into the hanging wall of a fossil detachment system. Paired geochronological and stable isotopic data of mylonitic quartzite within the detachment footwall reveal that ductile deformation and infiltration of meteoric fluids occurred between 27 and 23 Ma. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages display complex recrystallization-cooling relationships but decrease systematically from 26.9 ± 0.2 Ma at the top to 21.3 ± 0.2 Ma at the bottom of footwall mylonite. Hydrogen isotope (dD) values in white mica are very low (−150 to −145 ‰) within the top 80-90 m of detachment footwall, in contrast to values obtained from the deeper part of the section where values range from −77 to −64 ‰, suggesting that time-integrated interaction between rock and meteoric fluid was restricted to the uppermost part of the mylonitic footwall. Pervasive mica-water hydrogen isotope exchange is difficult to reconcile with models of 40 Ar loss during mylonitization solely by volume diffusion. Rather, we interpret the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of white mica with low-dD values to date syn-mylonitic hydrogen and argon isotope exchange, and we conclude that the hydrothermal system of the Northern Snake Range was active during late Oligocene (27-23 Ma) and has been exhumed by the combined effects of ductile strain, extensional detachment faulting, and erosion.

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“…Although these distant Cretaceous landscapes are often discussed as though they were homogenous, landscapes did exhibit topographic heterogeneity and coastal and interior climates added to this heterogeneity (Mix et al 2011). Indeed, at higher latitudes, freezing temperatures would have selected for evergreen sclerophylls (Spicer et al 1993) and would have been an impetus for evolution of stress tolerating pines typical of the Strobus lineage.…”

Section: Mesozoic Origin and Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

Keeley¹

2012

Annals of Forest Science

212

156

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Introduction Pinus is a diverse genus of trees widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Understanding pine life history is critical to both conservation and fire management. Objectives Here I lay out the different pathways of pine life history adaptation and a brief overview of pine evolution and the very significant role that fire has played. Results Pinus originated ~150 Ma in the mid-Mesozoic Era and radiated across the northern continent of Laurasia during the Cretaceous Period. Pines have followed two evolutionary strategies interpreted as responses to competition by the newly emerging angiosperms. The Strobus lineage mostly has radiated into stressful sites of low nutrient soils and extremes in cold or heat. The Pinus (subgenus) lineage has radiated into fire-prone landscapes with diverse fire regimes. Examination of life history traits illustrates syndromes associated with fire-avoider, fire-tolerater, fire-embracer, and fire-refuge strategies. Conclusion Understanding the current pattern of pine distribution requires interpreting their evolution in terms of climate, geology, and fire. All three of these factors have played a role since the Mesozoic origin of the genus. All are important to the appropriate management of these resources.

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Cenozoic migration of topography in the North American Cordillera

Cited by 124 publications

References 27 publications

Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and Atmosphere*

Modeling the Miocene Climatic Optimum. Part I: Land and Atmosphere*

Oligo‐Miocene extensional tectonics and fluid flow across the Northern Snake Range detachment system, Nevada

Ecology and evolution of pine life histories

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