“…The broad outlines of North Pacific history during the Cenozoic era were sketched in previous work (Kafanov, ; Y. B. Gladenkov, , ,b; Titova, , ,b,c; Kafanov & Volvenko, ; Vermeij, ; Hickman, ; Oleinik & Marincovich, ; Jacobs, Haney, & Louie, ; Amano, ; Ogasawara, Takano, Nagato, & Nakano, ). Many ecological and evolutionary events, however, remain insufficiently explored, especially those related to patterns of primary production and biogeographical relations within the North Pacific and between the North Pacific and other parts of the world.…”