Centennial Total Solar Irradiance Variation

Dewitte, Steven; Cornelis, Jan; Meftah, Mustapha

doi:10.3390/rs14051072

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The findings may indicate long-term changes [48]. The differences in the TSI level at solar minimums represent a limit to merging the TSI of different instruments in a single series and the long-term reconstructions [42,49,50].…”

Section: Influence Of Solar Featuresmentioning

confidence: 91%

Solar Irradiance Variability Monitor for the Galileo Solar Space Telescope Mission: Concept and Challenges

et al. 2022

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Long and reliable total solar irradiance (TSI) time series is one of the essential parameters for understanding solar contributions to climate change. The minor fluctuations of TSI in long timescales could impact the energy balance. Despite the improvement of accurate measurements provided by the instruments, at the time, long-term TSI variability and its effects had not been established. The space-borne radiometer era provided observations in short timescales from minutes to years. Therefore, this study presents an overview of irradiance observations, highlighting the importance of following its variability in different time scales. In this context, the Galileo Solar Space Telescope that has been developed by the Institute for Space Research (INPE), Brazil, includes the Irradiance Monitor Module with a radiometer cavity like the classical design and a next-generation compact radiometer.

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Section: Influence Of Solar Featuresmentioning

confidence: 91%

Solar Irradiance Variability Monitor for the Galileo Solar Space Telescope Mission: Concept and Challenges

et al. 2022

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“…Three "classical" and most widely cited composites have been developed by the respective instrumental teams, these are: ACRIM 1 (Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor, which is the instrument taken as the reference by Willson 1997;Willson & Mordvinov 2003), PMOD 2 (named after Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos; Fröhlich 2006), and ROB 3 (named after Royal Observatory of Belgium, previously referred to as RMIB, Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium, or IRMB in French; Dewitte et al 2004a;Dewitte & Nevens 2016). Recently, Schmutz (2021) slightly revised and updated the PMOD composite.…”

Section: Tsi Measurements and Their Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term changes in solar activity and irradiance

Chatzistergos¹,

Krivova²,

Yeo³

2023

Preprint

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The Sun is the main energy source to Earth, and understanding its variability is of direct relevance to climate studies. Measurements of total solar irradiance (TSI) exist since 1978, but this is too short compared to climate-relevant time scales. Coming from a number of different instruments, these measurements require a cross-calibration, which is not straightforward, and thus several composite records have been created. All of them suggest a marginally decreasing trend since 1996. Most composites also feature a weak decrease over the entire period of observations, which is also seen in observations of the solar surface magnetic field and is further supported by Ca ii K data. Some inconsistencies, however, remain and overall the magnitude and even the presence of the long-term trend remain uncertain. Different models have been developed, which are used to understand the irradiance variability over the satellite period and to extend the records of solar irradiance back in time. Differing in their methodologies, all models require proxies of solar magnetic activity as input. The most widely used proxies are sunspot records and cosmogenic isotope data on centennial and millennial time scale, respectively. None of this, however, offers a sufficiently good, independent description of the long-term evolution of faculae and network responsible for solar brightening. This leads to significant uncertainties in the amplitude of the long-term changes in solar irradiance. Here we review recent efforts to improve irradiance reconstructions on time scales longer than the solar cycle and to reduce the existing uncertainty in the magnitude of the long-term variability. In particular, we highlight the potential of using 3D magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the solar atmosphere as input to more physical irradiance models and of historical full-disc Ca ii K observations encrypting direct facular information back to 1892.

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“…These satellite observations are necessary to determine the structure and magnitude of TSI variation in time, and have been used to produce several TSI reconstruction products (e.g. Yeo et al, 2014;Coddington et al, 2016;Dudok de Wit et al, 2017;Yeo et al, 2017;Dewitte et al, 2022). A significant source of uncertainty over the satellite TSI era, however, is the so-called ACRIM Gap, when observations from the Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitoring experiments are unavailable for 27 months between 1989-1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bayesian model for inferring total solar irradiance from proxies and direct observations: application to the ACRIM Gap

Amdur

Huybers

2023

Preprint

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Differences among total solar irradiance (TSI) estimates are most pronounced during the so-called “ACRIM Gap” of 1989–1991, when available satellite observations disagree in trend and no observations exist from satellites with on-board calibration. Different approaches to bias-correcting noisy satellite observations lead to discrepancies of up to 0.7 W/m in the change in TSI during the Gap. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model for Total Solar Irradiance (BTSI), we jointly infer TSI during the ACRIM Gap from satellite observations and proxies of solar activity. In addition, BTSI yields estimates of noise and drift in satellite observations and calibration for proxy records. We find that TSI across the ACRIM Gap changes by only 0.01 W/m, with a 95% confidence interval of [-0.07, 0.09] W/m. Our results are consistent with the PMOD CPMDF and Community Consensus TSI reconstructions and inconsistent with the 0.7 W/m trend reported in the ACRIM composite reconstruction. Constraints on the trend across the ACRIM Gap are primarily obtained through constraints on the drift in the Nimbus-7 satellite that are afforded by overlapping satellite and proxy observations.

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Centennial Total Solar Irradiance Variation

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Solar Irradiance Variability Monitor for the Galileo Solar Space Telescope Mission: Concept and Challenges

Solar Irradiance Variability Monitor for the Galileo Solar Space Telescope Mission: Concept and Challenges

Long-term changes in solar activity and irradiance

A Bayesian model for inferring total solar irradiance from proxies and direct observations: application to the ACRIM Gap

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