Center-Based Care in the Context of One-Child Policy in China: Do Child Gender and Siblings Matter?

Zhai, Fuhua; Gao, Qin

doi:10.1007/s11113-009-9171-4

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The authors did not use household income as a direct predictor in the model and therefore could not make definitive conclusions about the correlation between income and preschool attendance. Using the 2000 wave of CHNS data with a different sample than in our study (0‐ to 6‐year‐old children), Zhai and Gao's () multilevel logistic regression showed that children without siblings, regardless of gender, had a higher chance of attending center‐based care than those with siblings. They also found a slight but significantly positive correlation between household income and center‐based care attendance; however, their study design focused on the association between child gender and the presence of sibling on center‐based attendance.…”

Section: Preschool and Its Financing In Chinacontrasting

confidence: 49%

“…In China, people living in the same household as a child, such as older siblings or grandparents, often provide child care. A child with older siblings is likely to be taken care of by his or her siblings and less likely to attend preschool (Du & Dong, ; Lehrer, ; Zhai & Gao, ). We thus included a control for the number of school‐aged siblings, measured by the number of children between the ages 6 and 18 in the household.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China

Gong

Han

2014

Child Development

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This article draws upon the literature showing the benefits of high-quality preschools on child well-being to explore the role of household income on preschool attendance for a cohort of 3- to 6-year-olds in China using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, 1991-2006. Analyses are conducted separately for rural (N = 1,791) and urban (N = 633) settings. Estimates from a probit model with rich controls suggest a positive association between household income per capita and preschool attendance in both settings. A household fixed-effects model, conducted only on the rural sample, finds results similar to, although smaller than, those from the probit estimates. Policy recommendations are discussed.

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Section: Preschool and Its Financing In Chinacontrasting

confidence: 49%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China

Gong

Han

2014

Child Development

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“…Our findings also suggest that differentials in parental behaviour across sibship conditions cannot be assumed to explain how children make sense of their own lives. The results therefore problematise the assumption undergirding mainstream policy interventions in China that gender equality among children can be achieved solely by changing the ways in which parents behave and by equalising intergenerational investment (Zhai & Gao, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…These shifts led to considerable yet unintended changes in intergenerational and gender relations in the Chinese family (Kim & Fong, 2014;Tsui & Rich, 2002). A major change, according to many scholars (Fong, 2004;Lee, 2012), was the rise of gender equality among singleton girls who enjoyed unprecedented intergenerational support and investment 'because they do not have to compete with brothers' for resources (Fong, 2002(Fong, : 1098, particularly in urban areas (Xu & Yeung, 2013;Zhai & Gao, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, following the tradition of social mobility and stratification research, previous and, particularly, quantitative research has focussed on parent-to-child intergenerational transfers (Lee, 2012;Xu & Yeung, 2013;Zhai & Gao, 2010). This approach overlooks children's subjective views on their own life circumstances, and the presence or absence of gender disparities in such views.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of China’s one-child policy on intergenerational and gender relations

Shi

2018

Contemporary Social Science

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Drawing on data from the China Family Panel Studies, this article assesses the state of gender equality among Chinese children under the one-child policy. We demonstrate the importance of conducting intra-gender and inter-gender comparisons taking into account the perspectives of parents and children and the intergenerational (in)congruence between these two perspectives. Our results show that parents invest more financial resource and time in educating singleton than non-singleton children, which partially supports the hypothesis of intra-gender equality. The findings for children's subjective perceptions of their own life circumstances do not consistently support this hypothesis. Since gender differences in intergenerational investment and children's subjective perceptions varied little by sibship structure, the hypothesis of inter-gender equality is not consistently supported. We found a stronger negative association between the presence of male and elder siblings and intergenerational investment in girls, and a larger male-female gap in intergenerational investment in urban than in rural areas. We also report a considerable intergenerational incongruence between parents' and children's perspectives. Our findings call into question the effectiveness of intervening solely in parental behaviour and intergenerational investment to enhance children's outcomes. They underline the importance of considering both intragender and inter-gender inequalities in moving the gender revolution forward.

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The Role of Grandparental Sensitivity and Parental Sensitivity in Infant Cognitive Development in China: A Pilot Study

Emmen

Woudstra

et al. 2022

J Child Fam Stud

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Grandparental caregiving is common in China, which can directly impact grandchild development. In addition, grandparents may have an indirect impact on children through their relationship with and support of the parents. However, associations between grandparenting, parenting, and child outcomes are rarely investigated. The current study is a pilot study which includes 42 mothers, fathers, and co-residing grandparents in China, and examines whether grandparental sensitivity relates to parental sensitivity (biological child of the grandparent), and whether grandparental sensitivity and maternal and paternal sensitivity each uniquely contribute to 14-month-old children’s Executive Function (EF). Results did not show a significant relation between parental and grandparental sensitivity or a unique contribution of sensitivity from mothers, fathers, or grandparents to infant EF. Our findings from exploratory analyses showed differences in sensitivity of grandparents and parents towards the third generation but did not confirm a combined effect of multiple caregivers on infant EF development in China.

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Center-Based Care in the Context of One-Child Policy in China: Do Child Gender and Siblings Matter?

Abstract: Center-based care, One-child policy, China, Gender, Sibling,

Cited by 14 publications

References 47 publications

Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China

Household Income and Preschool Attendance in China

The impact of China’s one-child policy on intergenerational and gender relations

The Role of Grandparental Sensitivity and Parental Sensitivity in Infant Cognitive Development in China: A Pilot Study

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