Background:The novel fourth-generation cryoballoon (CB4) potentially allows for enhanced catheter maneuverability and more frequent capture of pulmonary vein (PV) potentials which can be used to monitor real-time PV isolation (PVI). The aim of our study is to compare the acute procedural endpoints between the CB4 and second-generation cryoballoon (CB2).
Methods:A single-center retrospective chart review was used to examine 50 consecutive patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation undergoing CB4-based PVI. Procedural data and acute success of these patients were compared to 50 propensity-matched controls who underwent cryoballoon ablation procedure using CB2.
Results:Procedures performed with the CB4 showed significant shorter fluoroscopy time (14.8 ± 5.5 vs 18.0 ± 6.5 minutes, P = .04), shorter procedure time (58.3 ± 15.7 vs 65.3 ± 21 minutes, P = .13), and shorter total ablation time (10.8 ± 1.5 vs 13.8 ± 1.9 minutes, P = .42). The real-time PVI visualization rate was 33.3% in the CB2 group and 74.7% in the CB4 group (P < .001). CB4 was correlated to significant increase of acute real-time recordings with regard to all the single PV (left superior PV: 58% vs 84%, P = .02; left inferior PV: 26% vs 71%, P = .001; right superior PV 29% vs 61%, P = .01; and right inferior PV 19% vs 58%, P = .002).
Conclusion:The CB4 was more often able to capture real-time recordings of PV potentials and the subsequent acute PV isolation.
K E Y W O R D Satrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, cryoablation, cryoballoon catheter, pulmonary vein isolation
INTRODUCTIONAs a cornerstone technique, pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the primary target for catheter ablation in patients with drug-refractory symptomatic paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). 1 Furthermore, the cryoballoon (CB) catheter is a well-described tool that has achieved good procedural results with a freedom from AF recurrence that is similar to radiofrequency ablation catheters. 2 Particularly, since 2012, the second-generation CB (CB2, Artic Front Advance, Medtronic, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) has been described as a catheter with a high procedural success rate and durability of clini-cal outcomes in the treatment of patients with AF. [3][4][5][6][7] Recent technical changes were completed to improve the CB catheter in terms of maneuverability and pulmonary vein (PV) signal recordings during PVI.The resulting fourth-generation CB (CB4, Artic Front Advance PRO, Medtronic, Inc.) is characterized by a shorter tip (8-mm distal tip versus 13.5-mm tip of the traditional balloon, a 40% reduction) that can potentially facilitate better visualization of PV signals (Figure 1).The real-time visualization of PV potentials allows for a patienttailored ablation strategy. Specifically, the visualization of timeto-effect (TTE; defined as the duration of freeze until acute circumferential cellular electrical dormancy is achieved) can be 890