Central and peripheral release of vasopressin and oxytocin in the conscious rat after osmotic stimulation

Landgraf, Rainer; Neumann, Inga D.; Schwarzberg, H

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90689-0

Cited by 135 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similarly, suckling stimulates OXT, but not AVP secretion from the posterior pituitary into peripheral blood (6)(7)(8). Hence, in contrast to osmotic stimulation which results in septal and hippocampal release of both OXT and AVP (13), the data in this study show that suckling selectively stimulates central OXT release.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

“…OXT meets many of the criteria which are usually applied to assign a role as neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to a given compound, including its localization within presynaptic vesicles (33,34), its calcium-and veratridine-dependent central release (1 I , 13), the presence of specific binding sites (35,36) and its effects on electrical activity of target neurons (37,38). All these criteria are met in relation to the septum and hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Septal and Hippocampal Release of Oxytocin, but not Vasopressin, in the Conscious Lactating Rat During Suckling

Neumann

Landgraf

1989

J Neuroendocrinology

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The central release of both oxytocin and vasopressin within the septum and dorsal hippocampus in response to suckling was studied in conscious, freely-behaving lactating rats. Three consecutive 30-min push-pull perfusions were carried out before, during and after suckling (suckled group) or without suckling (control group). As compared to control levels, suckling resulted in a significantly increased oxytocin release within both limbic brain areas (septum: to 140%, dorsal hippocampus: to 1,600%). After removal of the suckling pups, the oxytocin concentration in the final perfusates remained at the stimulation level (septum) or tended to return to control values (dorsal hippocampus). In contrast to oxytocin, the vasopressin perfusate levels did not differ significantly between unsuckled and suckled ratsThe stimulation of magnocellular oxytocinergic neurons of the hypothalamus during suckling results in a pulsatile and periodic release of oxytocin (OXT) from the posterior pituitary (1, 2). At the mammary gland, the peptide promotes the contraction of myoepithelial cells which surround the alveoli, making milk available for the suckling pups. Each OXT release is the result of high frequency bursts of spikes which occur simultaneously in most or all magnocellular OXT cells in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei (3-5). In contrast to OXT, arginine vasopressin (AVP) seems not to be involved in this process (6)(7)(8).In addition to the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial projection, immunocytochemical techniques have located OXT-and AVPcontaining fibre terminals in a number of extrahypothalamic brain areas, including the septum and the dorsal hippocampus (9, 10). From these terminals, both OXT and AVP are released in response to appropriate stimulation (1 1 -13). There is considerable evidence suggesting central effects not only of AVP (14), but also of OXT, including its possible role in influencing behavioural phenomena in the post partum period (15-17). However, little is known whether the peripheral release of OXT, e.g. in response to suckling, is accompanied by central release. Evidence for such release would provide strong support for the idea that OXT may be physiologically involved in central processes related to lactation. Two of the brain areas thought to be involved in milk ejection (18,19) as well as in behavioural regulation (17,20,21) are the septum and dorsal hippocampus. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the release of endogenous OXT and AVP within both limbic brain areas in the lactating, freely-behaving rat, and the effects of suckling. Res u I tsIn the perfusates sampled from control animals and in the prestimulation perfusates, respectively, both peptides were detectable (septum: OXT 2.50 to 4.60pg/sample, AVP 0.30 to 4.80 pg/sample; dorsal hippocampus: OXT 0.30 to 10.5 pg/ sample, AVP 0.30 to 10.3 pg/sample).Compared to unsuckled controls, in suckled rats there was a significantly increased OXT concentration in perfusates from both the septum (to approximately 140%; P

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 38%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Septal and Hippocampal Release of Oxytocin, but not Vasopressin, in the Conscious Lactating Rat During Suckling

Neumann

Landgraf

1989

J Neuroendocrinology

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“…Following intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of vasopressin, rats showed motor disturbances following a second vasopressin injection given 2 days later (Poulin and Pittman 1991). Injections of hypertonic saline, which stimulates septal vasopressin release (Demotes-Mainard et al 1986;Landgraf et al 1988), sensitize rats just as well to the motor effects of vasopressin as does an icv vaso pressin injection. In castrated rats, however, vasopressin injections can still sensi tize rats to the motor effects of subsequent injections, though intraperitoneal in jections of hypertonic saline cannot do so, suggesting that castration eliminates endogenous vasopressin release in the septal area (Poulin and Pittman 1991).…”

Section: Gonadal Hormone Effects On Vasopressin Cells In the Bnst Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injections with hypertonic saline or hypovolemia in rats increased the release of vasopressin from the lateral septum (Demotes-Mainard et al 1986;Landgraf et al 1988), and dehydration reduced vasopressin immunoreactivity in the lateral septum (Epstein et al 1983). Although the functional significance of these effects is unclear, they suggest that septal vasopressin may be involved in the regulation of body fluids, which is sexually dimorphic and influenced by gonadal steroids as well (Chow et al 1992).…”

Section: Nonreproductive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying neurotransmitter systems to understand the development and function of sex differences in the brain: the case of vasopressin

Vries¹,

Geert²

1995

Neurobiological Effects of Sex Steroid Hormones

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“…Immmunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of numero u s extrahypothalamic AVP neurons particularly in the bed nucleus of the striae terminalis (BNST) as well as AVP nerve tcrminals in limbic regions such as the lateral septum (LS), hippocampus and the amygdala (3,4). In at least one of these regions, the LS, there are reports showing that AVP is released from in vitro (5) as well as from in vivo (6)(7)(8) preparations through an active Ca'+-dependent neurosecretory process. These data, together with the demonstration of AVP receptors in the septum and hippocampus (9-1 I), strongly support the role of AVP as an agent of neuronal communication and reinforces the concept that this peptide may be normally involved under specific conditions of the organism in the modulation of a variety of CNS functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of Vasopressin from the Septum and Hippocampus of Freely Behaving Male Rats: Effect of Bacitracin and Synthetic Vasopressin

Ramírez¹,

Ramirez²,

Rodriguez³

et al. 1990

J Neuroendocrinology

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This paper describes the release characteristics of arginine vasopressin (AVP) from the dorsal septum and dorsal hippocampus of freely behaving male rats using miniaturized push-pull cannulae and a slow rate of perfusion to minimize tissue damage. The major findings were that: 1) The spontaneous release of immunoreactive AVP (I-AVP) from the dorsal hippocampus was episodic in nature and did not require the presence of bacitracin in the perfusion medium to reliably demonstrate its pattern of release; 2) despite the fact that the septum has close to seven times more I-AVP per/mg of tissue, the dorsal septum perfusates had undetectable levels of the neuropeptide; 3) under these conditions hypertonic saline intraperitoneally did not alter the spontaneous release of this peptide; and 4) only when the perfusion medium contained effective concentrations of bacitracin M) were reliable and detectable levels of I-AVP measured in perfusates from the dorsal septum and exogenous synthetic AVP had a robust positive feedback action on its own release. The physiological relevance and importance of this robust and novel effect of AVP remains to be elucidated.There is growing evidence indicating that arginine vasopressin ( .\VP), besides its classical peripheral hormonal effects (l), plays a major role as a neurotransmitter within the CNS (2). Immmunocytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of numero u s extrahypothalamic AVP neurons particularly in the bed nucleus of the striae terminalis (BNST) as well as AVP nerve tcrminals in limbic regions such as the lateral septum (LS), hippocampus and the amygdala (3, 4). In at least one of these regions, the LS, there are reports showing that AVP is released from in vitro (5) as well as from in vivo (6-8) preparations through an active Ca'+-dependent neurosecretory process. These data, together with the demonstration of AVP receptors in the septum and hippocampus (9-1 I), strongly support the role of AVP as an agent of neuronal communication and reinforces the concept that this peptide may be normally involved under specific conditions of the organism in the modulation of a variety of CNS functions. For example, since the pioneering work of De Wied and co-workers it is known that AVP can facilitate consolidation of memory processes since it can enhance retention of active and passive avoidance behavioral tasks (12). More recently, it was shown that this nonapeptide facilitates recognition of juveniles by male adult rats in the so-called social memory paradigm (1 3). In addition, AVP seems to be involved in an array of apparently disparate behaviors such as barrel rotation (14), grooming and flank marking (15), sleep (16), lordosis behavior (1 7) as well as being involved in temperature regulation as an antipyretic agent (18,19) and in pain as a nociceptive substance (20). However, in most of these cases high doses of AVP in the order of ng or pg ranges have been injected either systematically or intracerebrally. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to demonstrate une...

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Central and peripheral release of vasopressin and oxytocin in the conscious rat after osmotic stimulation

Cited by 135 publications

References 26 publications

Septal and Hippocampal Release of Oxytocin, but not Vasopressin, in the Conscious Lactating Rat During Suckling

Septal and Hippocampal Release of Oxytocin, but not Vasopressin, in the Conscious Lactating Rat During Suckling

Studying neurotransmitter systems to understand the development and function of sex differences in the brain: the case of vasopressin

Release of Vasopressin from the Septum and Hippocampus of Freely Behaving Male Rats: Effect of Bacitracin and Synthetic Vasopressin

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