Central and peripheral thermal control of effectors in homeothermic temperature regulation.

Simón, E.; Pierau, Friedrich‐Karl; Taylor, David

doi:10.1152/physrev.1986.66.2.235

Cited by 221 publications

(119 citation statements)

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“…These observations together with the inverse relationship observed in this study between TeS changes and TSk changes at onset thus point to a summation effect of internal and peripheral inputs in the initiation of sweating. This is in agreement with the current concepts of human thermoregulation (STOLwuI' and HARDY, 1966;NADEL et al, 1971a;SIMON et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physiological factors associated with the onset of sweating.

Mairiaux

Libert²

1987

Jpn.J.Physiol

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The influence of esophageal ( TeS) and skin temperature (TSk) variations, body heat storage, and individual parameters on the initiation of sweating was investigated in 9 unacclimated subjects during thermal transients induced by exercise (25, 50, or 75 W) and by a step change in ambient temperature from 28°C to 23, 28, 36.5, 45, or 50°C. Seventy-four onsets of sweating were observed during the exposures, the sweating delay averaging 3 min at 45 and 50°C, 6 min at 36.5°C, and 9.5 min at 28°C. In warm conditions (36.5 to 50°C), the onset of sweating could mainly be related both to the level of Tsk and its rate component, whereas in cooler conditions (28 and 23°C), the onset of sweating could only be related to a positive rate of TeS variation, the TSk level being low and steady. On the whole set of data, the TeS changes at the onset were inversely related to the Tsk changes. The cumulated heat storage at the onset of sweating was 37 kJ/m2 (S.D. 25). It varied not only among subjects (range: 11-66 kJ/m2) but also within subjects even when differences in thermal state prior to exercise were accounted for. Among the individual parameters investigated, the magnitude of the decrease in TeS observed in response to the start of exercise was found to have a significant effect on the sweating delay. The TeS decrease was inversely related to the subject's skinfold thickness, and in a given subject, inversely related to the preexercise Tsk. It is concluded that the results are in agreement with a summation model of internal and mean skin temperatures on the sweating drive but that they do not verify the hypothesis of a critical level of heat storage at the onset of sweating.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Physiological factors associated with the onset of sweating.

Mairiaux

Libert²

1987

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…skin and muscles) as well as centrally (i.e. brain, spinal cord and viscera) in our body (24,225,253,261), this area provides commands to peripheral thermo-effectors in order to initiate autonomic responses defending body temperature from environmental challenges (163,224,268).…”

Section: Autonomic Temperature Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Filingeri

2016

Comprehensive Physiology

112

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Undoubtedly, adjusting our thermoregulatory behavior represents the most effective mechanism to maintain thermal homeostasis and ensure survival in the diverse thermal environments that we face on this planet. Remarkably, our thermal behavior is entirely dependent on the ability to detect variations in our internal (i.e. body) and external environment, via sensing changes in skin temperature and wetness. In the past 30 years, we have seen a significant expansion of our understanding of the molecular, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms that allow humans to sense temperature and humidity. The discovery of temperature-activated ion channels which gate the generation of action potentials in thermosensitive neurons, along with the characterization of the spino-thalamo-cortical thermosensory pathway, and the development of neural models for the perception of skin wetness, are only some of the recent advances which have provided incredible insights on how biophysical changes in skin temperature and wetness are transduced into those neural signals which constitute the physiological substrate of skin thermal and wetness sensations. Understanding how afferent thermal inputs are integrated and how these contribute to behavioral and autonomic thermoregulatory responses under normal brain function is critical to determine how these mechanisms are disrupted in those neurological conditions which see the concurrent presence of afferent thermosensory abnormalities and efferent thermoregulatory dysfunctions. Furthermore, advancing the knowledge on skin thermal and wetness sensations is crucial to support the development of neuro-prosthetics. In light of the above, this review will focus on the peripheral and central neurophysiological mechanisms underpinning skin thermal and wetness sensations in humans.

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“…This phenomenon suggests that overheating the thermostatic preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus increases the rate of heat loss from the body through two mechanisms: (1) evaporative heat loss by stimulating the sweat glands and (2) inhibition of the sympathetic centers in the posterior hypothalamus, which normally cause constriction of cutaneous vessels; this inhibition triggers vasodilatation and a consequent increase in heat loss. Because automatic physiological adjustments involve the autonomic nervous system (ANS), there is a contribution from the connections between the hypothalamus, the parasympathetic nuclei of the brain stem and the intermediolateral sympathetic column of the spinal cord 44,45 . Exercises that combine movement with breathing, such as yoga, cause significant increases in brain levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) post-workout 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Dăoyĭn Qìgōng in postpolio syndrome patients with cold intolerance

Ramos¹,

Abe²,

Pradella-Hallinan

et al. 2012

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Postpolio syndrome (PPS) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness due to former infection with poliomyelitis and can be associated with other symptoms such as cold intolerance (CI). Dăoyĭn Qìgōng (DQ) is a technique in Traditional Chinese Medicine that impacts the circulation of energy and blood. OBJECTIVE: It was to verify the effects of DQ in PPS patients complaining of cold intolerance. METHODS: Ten PPS patients were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) adapted for CI before and after intervention with DQ; patients practiced it in a sitting position for 40 minutes, 3 times per week over 3 consecutive months. Patients were reassessed three months after ceasing DQ. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in local and systemic VAS-Cold both at the end of DQ training and three months past the end of this. CONCLUSION: The DQ technique ameliorated CI complaints in patients with PPS.

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Central and peripheral thermal control of effectors in homeothermic temperature regulation.

Cited by 221 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological factors associated with the onset of sweating.

Physiological factors associated with the onset of sweating.

Neurophysiology of Skin Thermal Sensations

Effects of Dăoyĭn Qìgōng in postpolio syndrome patients with cold intolerance

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