Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia: Past, present, and future

Hair and scalp disorders in women of African descent: an overview

“…31 This is especially pertinent given the emerging role of peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor (PPAR)-c in the aetiopathogenesis of scarring alopecias such as LPP. 72,73 Clinically, CCCA presents as a slow-growing area of alopecia involving the crown and/or vertex scalp regions 3,74 (Figs 4b and 7). The involved area appears smooth and shiny, with loss of follicular orifices.…”

“…2 Alongside the current and predicted changes in the global population, the ethnic hair industry is worth billions of dollars. 3,4 Several epidemiological and hospital-based studies have shown that hair and scalp disorders are a significant problem in people of African descent. In light of this, as well as the current and predicted changes in global demographics, there is an increasing need for clinicians to be cognizant of hair and scalp disorders in people of African descent.…”

The diagnosis and management of alopecia

“…9 Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia CCCA is a progressive vertex-centred alopecia that usually occurs in women of African descent. 10 The cause is unknown, but it is thought that in the case of CCCA, the use of hot combs or chemical relaxers results in follicular damage. Most women with CCCA use, or have used, chemical hair relaxers for styling purposes.…”

“…11 In the early stages of the disease, topical and intralesional corticosteroids may halt disease progression and save a significant amount of hair. 10 Oral antibiotics, hydroxychloroquine and cyclosporine have been used. There is no treatment for the late stages of the disease.…”

Cicatricial Alopecia in Identical Twin Lumbee Native American Women

“…Central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) has become a well-known entity among African-American women, though the exact etiology remains unknown. There are few studies examining the epidemiology of CCCA; however, most studies show affected patients to be of African descent [1]. …”