Central Control of Circadian Phase in Arousal-Promoting Neurons

Mahoney, Carrie E.; Brewer, Judy McKinley; Bittman, Eric L.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067173

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(102 reference statements)

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“…The fact that 1) orexin neurons are involved in sensing the body's external and internal environments (14-16) , 2) orexin neurons have a role in stimulating upper airway (17) and central respiratory neurons (12) , and 3) our findings showing increased orexin levels after bariatric surgery are all facts that support our speculation that neurophysiologic mechanisms may be responsible for the observed changes in OSA.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Early improvement in obstructive sleep apnea and increase in orexin levels after bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults

Amin

Simakajornboon

Szczesniak

et al. 2017

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases

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Background Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated with obesity is known to improve after bariatric surgery, but little is known about early changes in this condition following surgery. Objectives To study the clinical course of OSA after bariatric surgery. Setting Children's hospital in the United States. Methods Adolescents and young adults with obstructive sleep apnea undergoing vertical sleeve gastrectomy (n=6) or gastric bypass (n=1) were enrolled in this prospective study. Participants underwent formal polysomnography before and at 3 and 5 weeks following bariatric surgery. Anthropometric measurements and assay for orexin and leptin were also performed at study visits. Thirty-one adolescents who underwent 2 polysomnography studies that were 4 weeks apart served as control subjects. Results Baseline mean (range) age of participants was 17.8 (15.4-20.7) years, 71% were male, with body mass index of 55.2 (41.3-61.6) kg/m2 and had a median apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of 15.8 (7.1-23.8) events/hour. Differences in least-square means from longitudinal analysis did not show significant differences in AHI in the control group but showed significant post-operative decline in AHI relative to baseline. AHI declined post-operatively from baseline by 9.2 events/hour (95% CI: 3.8 to 14.5) at 3 weeks (p=0.002) and 9.1 events/hour (95% CI: 3.8 to 14.5) at 5 weeks (p=0.002); there was no significant change from 3 to 5 weeks in AHI. Leptin decreased and orexin levels increased significantly by 3 weeks postoperatively. Conclusions These observations suggest that OSA responds early and out of proportion to weight loss following metabolic/bariatric surgery, thus weight independent factors may at least in part be responsible for early improvement in OSA postoperatively.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Early improvement in obstructive sleep apnea and increase in orexin levels after bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults

Amin

Simakajornboon

Szczesniak

et al. 2017

Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases

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“…When exposed to constant light, Syrian hamsters adopt a split activity pattern, allowing researchers to examine whether rhythmicity was controlled by the SCN and whether lateralization of signaling occurs. While lateralization of Per1 expression was found in other brain regions, it was not observed in the LC (Mahoney, Brewer, & Bittman, ).…”

Section: Metencephalon (Hindbrain): Locus Coeruleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Paul

Davis

Goode

et al. 2019

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Twenty‐four‐hour rhythmicity in physiology and behavior are driven by changes in neurophysiological activity that vary across the light–dark and rest‐activity cycle. Although this neural code is most prominent in neurons of the primary circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, there are many other regions in the brain where region‐specific function and behavioral rhythmicity may be encoded by changes in electrical properties of those neurons. In this review, we explore the existing evidence for molecular clocks and/or neurophysiological rhythms (i.e., 24 hr) in brain regions outside the SCN. In addition, we highlight the brain regions that are ripe for future investigation into the critical role of circadian rhythmicity for local oscillators. For example, the cerebellum expresses rhythmicity in over 2,000 gene transcripts, and yet we know very little about how circadian regulation drives 24‐hr changes in the neural coding responsible for motor coordination. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how our understanding of circadian regulation of electrical properties may yield insight into disease mechanisms which may lead to novel chronotherapeutic strategies in the future.

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“…BMAL1 appears to regulate both synthesis of histamine and the circadian activity of these neurons (Yu et al 2014). Hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus exhibit circadian oscillations of Per1 expression (Mahoney et al 2013).…”

Section: Circadian Modulation Of Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Insights into Motivated Behavior

Antle

Silver

2015

Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences

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For an organism to be successful in an evolutionary sense, it and its offspring must survive. Such survival depends on satisfying a number of needs that are driven by motivated behaviors, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. An individual can usually only pursue one motivated behavior at a time. The circadian system provides temporal structure to the organism's 24 hour day, partitioning specific behaviors to particular times of the day. The circadian system also allows anticipation of opportunities to engage in motivated behaviors that occur at predictable times of the day. Such anticipation enhances fitness by ensuring that the organism is physiologically ready to make use of a time-limited resource as soon as it becomes available. This could include activation of the sympathetic nervous system to transition from sleep to wake, or to engage in mating, or to activate of the parasympathetic nervous system to facilitate transitions to sleep, or to prepare the body to digest a meal. In addition to enabling temporal partitioning of motivated behaviors, the circadian system may also regulate the amplitude of the drive state motivating the behavior. For example, the circadian clock modulates not only when it is time to eat, but also how hungry we are. In this chapter we explore the physiology of our circadian clock and its involvement in a number of motivated behaviors such as sleeping, eating, exercise, sexual behavior, and maternal behavior. We also examine ways in which dysfunction of circadian timing can contribute to disease states, particularly in psychiatric conditions that include adherent motivational states.

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Central Control of Circadian Phase in Arousal-Promoting Neurons

Cited by 21 publications

References 109 publications

Early improvement in obstructive sleep apnea and increase in orexin levels after bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults

Early improvement in obstructive sleep apnea and increase in orexin levels after bariatric surgery in adolescents and young adults

Circadian regulation of membrane physiology in neural oscillators throughout the brain

Circadian Insights into Motivated Behavior

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