Central effects of urotensin-II following ICV administration in rats

Gartlon, Jane; Parker, Frederick B.; Harrison, David; Douglas, Stephen A.; Ashmeade, Tracey; Riley, Graham J.; Hughes, Zoë A.; Taylor, Simon; Munton, Richard P.; Hagan, Jim J.; Hunter, Jackie; Jones, Declan N.C.

doi:10.1007/s002130100715

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The UII and UTS2R1 mRNAs are co-expressed in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 and UII increases dopamine secretion (Aita et al 2010). Centrally, UII controls plasma prolactin and TSH concentrations (Gartlon et al 2001). Double-immunofluorescence labeling in mouse brain revealed a co-localization of URP and GNRH in fibers in the median eminence and vascular organ of the lamina terminalis as well as in cell bodies in the preoptic area, suggesting that URP is co-released with GNRH (Egginger et al 2011).…”

Section: Uts2r5mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A high density of UII-and URPbinding sites has been found in regions of the human and rat brains that are involved in motor control (Maguire et al 2000, Jegou et al 2006, Bucharles et al 2014, and i.c.v. administered UII and/or URP increases locomotion in mice, rats, and rainbow trout (Gartlon et al 2001, Lancien et al 2004, Do Rego et al 2005. The UII and URP mRNAs are abundantly expressed in the CNS, especially in the adult cranial and spinal motoneurons of many species…”

Section: Uts2r5mentioning

confidence: 99%

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MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.

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Section: Uts2r5mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Uts2r5mentioning

confidence: 99%

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

Tostivint¹,

Daza²,

Bergqvist³

et al. 2014

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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“…As has been described in the Introduction, UII has mitogenic properties, and the UII/UT system acts as an autocrine/paracrine growth-stimulatory factor in the regulation of physiological actions in mammals (Vaudry et al 2010, Gong et al 2011. In the endocrine system, UII can regulate the secretion of various hormones in both fish and mammals (Vaudry et al 2010), such as prolactin in fish (Rivas et al 1986) and rats (Gartlon et al 2001). Based on these results and the high expression levels of the UII/UT system in the hypothalamus and pituitary in grouper, we speculated that the UII/UT system may be involved in the regulation of the growth of grouper.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, UII showed no significant effect on the mRNA expression of both Igf1 and Igf2 at any dose or any time point (Supplementary Figure 3, see section on supplementary data given at the end of this article), which indicates that UII cannot exert a direct effect on igf1 and igf2 gene transcription. Because, in addition to GH, other hormones, such as insulin, SS, cortisol, and thyroid hormones, can also influence igf mRNA expression in the liver and extrahepatic tissues (Reindl & Sheridan 2012) and UII is known to regulate the secretion of various hormones, such as prolactin, TSH (Gartlon et al 2001), and insulin (Silvestre et al 2001), we cannot exclude the possibility that UII indirectly stimulates igf mRNA expression through the regulation of other hormones in the liver. Collectively, these results delineate the hypothetical regulation of the transcription of genes encoding major hormones controlling growth in grouper by UII: after the i.p.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In mammals, UII is well known for its smooth-musclestimulating activity and is considered the most potent mammalian vasoconstrictor (Ames et al 1999). Numerous studies have demonstrated that the UII/UT system is involved in the control of cardiovascular activity (Watson & May 2004, Vaudry et al 2010, locomotor activity, orexigenic and dipsogenic response (Do-Rego et al 2005), sleep (de Lecea & Bourgin 2008), and endocrine hormone secretion (Gartlon et al 2001). Moreover, some recent studies in mammals have shown that i) UII exerts mitogenic effects on some tumor cells, such as SW-13 cells (Takahashi et al 2003) and pheochromocytoma cells (Zeng et al 2006); ii) hUII is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in porcine renal epithelial cells (Matsushita et al 2003) and involved in the pathogenesis of vascular remodeling (Zhang et al 2008); and iii) UII can stimulate the proliferation of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, induce an increase in tumor volume and weight (Wu et al 2010), and promote the proliferation of rat bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (Xu et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UII and UT in grouper: cloning and effects on the transcription of hormones related to growth control

Sun

Duan

et al. 2013

Journal of Endocrinology

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Urotensin II (UII) is a cyclic peptide that was originally extracted from the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) of fish. UII is well known to exhibit cardiovascular, ventilatory, and motor effects in vertebrates. Studies have reported that UII exerts mitogenic effects and can act as an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in mammals. However, similar information in fish is limited. In this study, the full-length cDNAs of UII and its receptor (UT) were cloned and characterized in the orange-spotted grouper. UII and UT were expressed ubiquitously in various tissues in grouper, and particularly high levels were observed in the CNSS, CNS, and ovary. A functional study showed that UT was coupled with intracellular Ca 2C mobilization in HEK293 cells. Studies carried out using i.p. injections of UII in grouper showed the following: i) in the hypothalamus, UII can significantly stimulate the mRNA expression of ghrh and simultaneously inhibit the mRNA expression of somatostatin 1 (ss1) and ss2 3 h after injection; ii) in the pituitary, UII also significantly induced the mRNA expression of gh 6 and 12 h after injection; and iii) in the liver, the mRNA expression levels of ghr1/ghr2 and igf1/igf2 were markedly increased 12 and 3 h after the i.p. injection of UII respectively. These results collectively indicate that the UII/UT system may play a role in the promotion of the growth of the orange-spotted grouper.

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Localization of the urotensin II receptor in the rat central nervous system

Jégou¹,

Cartier²,

Dubessy³

et al. 2006

J. Comp. Neurol.

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The vasoactive peptide urotensin II (UII) is primarily expressed in motoneurons of the brainstem and spinal cord. Intracerebroventricular injection of UII provokes various behavioral, cardiovascular, motor, and endocrine responses in the rat, but the distribution of the UII receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) has not yet been determined. In the present study, we have investigated the localization of UII receptor (GPR14) mRNA and UII binding sites in the rat CNS. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the highest density of GPR14 mRNA occurred in the pontine nuclei. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed that the GPR14 gene is widely expressed in the brain and spinal cord. In particular, a strong hybridization signal was observed in the olfactory system, hippocampus, olfactory and medial amygdala, hypothalamus, epithalamus, several tegmental nuclei, locus coeruleus, pontine nuclei, motor nuclei, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, inferior olive, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Autoradiographic labeling of brain slices with radioiodinated UII showed the presence of UII-binding sites in the lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial amygdaloid nucleus, anteroventral thalamus, anterior pretectal nucleus, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, pontine nuclei, geniculate nuclei, parabigeminal nucleus, dorsal endopiriform nucleus, and cerebellar cortex. Intense expression of the GPR14 gene in some hypothalamic nuclei (supraoptic, paraventricular, ventromedian, and arcuate nuclei), in limbic structures (amygdala and hippocampus), in medullary nuclei (solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus), and in motor control regions (cerebral and cerebellar cortex, substantia nigra, pontine nuclei) provides the anatomical substrate for the central effects of UII on behavioral, cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and motor functions. The occurrence of GPR14 mRNA in cranial and spinal motoneurons is consistent with the reported autocrine/paracrine action of UII on motoneurons.

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Central effects of urotensin-II following ICV administration in rats

Abstract: These data provide further insight into the distribution of GPR14 mRNA within the CNS and show for the first time that hU-II causes marked behavioural and endocrine effects.

Cited by 74 publications

References 31 publications

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

MOLECULAR EVOLUTION OF GPCRS: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors

UII and UT in grouper: cloning and effects on the transcription of hormones related to growth control

Localization of the urotensin II receptor in the rat central nervous system

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