Central executive system impairment in traumatic brain injury

Abstract

The cognitive impairment following TBI seem to be caused by an impairment of the Central Executive System, rather than a speed processing deficit.

Disruption of temporally extended self-memory system following traumatic brain injury

“…Also, the retrieval hypothesis is postulated for episodic deficits in TBI, but there is the possibility that anterograde deficits arise in conjunction with a disruption of 'acquisition' processes (Arciniegas et al, 2002;Vakil, 2005). Interestingly, our result is in line with studies demonstrating the implication of executive dysfunctions in TBI-related AM impairments across both retrograde and anterograde periods (Coste et al, 2011;Piolino et al, 2007), and confirms the role of updating dysfunctions in TBI (e.g., Sanchez-Carrion et al, 2008;Serino et al, 2006) related to access of self-representations (Coste et al, 2011). It suggests that the alteration of SMS depends on deficits of updating and monitoring of information from long-term memory held in working memory during generative processes.…”

A pilot study for rehabilitation of central executive deficits after traumatic brain injury

“…According to Baddeley [23,24], the CES subserves several cognitive functions. Indeed, this system seems to have a role in dividing attention resources among concurrent tasks [25], in coordinating cognitive functions during problem solving [22,24], and in processing and organizing incoming information to be stored in long-term memory [26]. Consistent with this theoretical model, by using regression analyses, we found that patients' performance on a test tapping CES functioning predicted performance on tasks requiring divided attention, executive functions and long-term memory.…”

“…In a previous study [22], we have demonstrated that a complex pattern of cognitive deficits, still present in the chronic phase of TBI and involving WM, divided attention, executive functions, and long term memory deficits, depended on an impairment of the central executive system (CES; [23,24]). According to Baddeley [23,24], the CES subserves several cognitive functions.…”

“…Based on these findings, it is possible to speculate that a rehabilitative treatment acting on CES functioning may be effective in improving simultaneously all the cognitive functions dependent on the CES, i.e., WM, divided attention, long-term memory and executive functions, while leaving unaffected those functions not thought to tap this system, i.e., sustained attention and speed processing [22].…”

17β-Estradiol Confers Protection after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Rat and Involves Activation of G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor 1

“…2,3 TBI-induced biomechanical (primary injury) and neurochemicallymediated damage (secondary injury) often lead to deficits in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and physical functioning. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Secondary injury mechanisms remain targets in the pathophysiology of TBI that could be manipulated by therapeutic interventions for prevention of further cell destruction and dysfunction. Thus, there is a significant unmet need for novel drug therapies that efficaciously target aspects of secondary injury.…”