Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO<sub>2</sub>signal transduction in guard cell

Xue, Shaowu; Hu, Honghong; Ries, Amber; Merilo, Ebe; Kollist, Hannes; Schroeder, Julian I.

doi:10.1038/emboj.2011.68

Cited by 177 publications

(323 citation statements)

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“…Although several proteins have been shown to function in CO 2 -regulated stomatal response, some critical components are still missing 5,6,18 . Because membrane transporters play an important role in modulating stomatal response to external signals 5,6,[14][15][16][38][39][40] , we hypothesized that mutations in many of such transporters may affect stomatal responses to environmental signals including CO 2 concentration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that during CO 2 -induced stomatal closure, CO 2 is first catalysed by CAs into bicarbonate, and elevated bicarbonate in turn activates the S-type anion channels through unknown signalling events, among which HT1 kinase acts as a negative regulator downstream of HCO 3 À production and upstream of the S-type anion channel activation 18 . Our earlier results showed that RHC1 interacts with and functions upstream of HT1.…”

Section: Rhc1 Is Required For Activation Of the S-type Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elevated CO 2 concentration activates anion channels, resulting in depolarization of plasma membrane in guard cells, causing efflux of solutes and stomatal closure [7][8][9][10] . Earlier studies in Arabidopsis identified several mutants with defects in CO 2 -induced stomatal movements [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . However, most of these mutants including abi1-1, abi2-1, gca2, ost1 and slac1 were insensitive to both CO 2 and abscisic acid (ABA), representing components shared by both signalling pathways 5,20 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, expression of a mammalian a-CA in guard cells of the ca1ca4 double-mutant restores stomatal CO 2 response, indicating that CA-mediated CO 2 conversion into bicarbonate is an initial step for transmission of the CO 2 signal 17,34 . A further study demonstrates that intracellular bicarbonate produced by CA activates the S-type anion channels in guard cells, leading to ionic efflux, thus triggering the closure of stomatal pores 18 . Consistent with this conclusion, in mammalian cells, CO 2 detection in olfactory receptor neurons also starts with CA catalysis of CO 2 into bicarbonate, followed by activation of the receptor-type guanylate cyclase GC-D [35][36][37] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these mutants including abi1-1, abi2-1, gca2, ost1 and slac1 were insensitive to both CO 2 and abscisic acid (ABA), representing components shared by both signalling pathways 5,20 . Activation of the slow (S-type) anion channels for anion efflux has been regarded as a critical step in stomatal closure 18,[21][22][23][24] . SLAC1 (Slow Anion ChannelAssociated 1) is a component of the S-type anion channel in Arabidopsis guard cells 14,15 .…”

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A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

et al. 2015

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Increasing carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels in the atmosphere have caused global metabolic changes in diverse plant species. CO 2 is not only a carbon donor for photosynthesis but also an environmental signal that regulates stomatal movements and thereby controls plant-water relationships and carbon metabolism. However, the mechanism underlying CO 2 sensing in stomatal guard cells remains unclear. Here we report characterization of Arabidopsis RESISTANT TO HIGH CO 2 (RHC1), a MATE-type transporter that links elevated CO 2 concentration to repression of HT1, a protein kinase that negatively regulates CO 2 -induced stomatal closing. We also show that HT1 phosphorylates and inactivates OST1, a kinase which is essential for the activation of the SLAC1 anion channel and stomatal closing. Combining genetic, biochemical and electrophysiological evidence, we reconstituted the molecular relay from CO 2 to SLAC1 activation, thus establishing a core pathway for CO 2 signalling in plant guard cells.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhc1 Is Required For Activation Of the S-type Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

et al. 2015

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Characterization of thiol‐based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1‐related protein kinase 2.6‐2C

Yoo

Zhang

et al. 2018

FEBS Open Bio

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Sucrose nonfermenting 1‐related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6), also known as Open Stomata 1 (OST1) in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a pivotal role in abscisic acid (ABA)‐mediated stomatal closure. Four SnRK2.6 paralogs were identified in the Brassica napus genome in our previous work. Here we studied one of the paralogs, BnSnRK2.6‐2C, which was transcriptionally induced by ABA in guard cells. Recombinant BnSnRK2.6‐2C exhibited autophosphorylation activity and its phosphorylation sites were mapped. The autophosphorylation activity was inhibited by S‐nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and by oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the inhibition was reversed by reductants. Using monobromobimane (mBBr) labeling, we demonstrated a dose‐dependent modification of BnSnRK2.6‐2C by GSNO. Furthermore, mass spectrometry analysis revealed previously uncharacterized thiol‐based modifications including glutathionylation and sulfonic acid formation. Of the six cysteine residues in BnSnRK2.6‐2C, C159 was found to have different types of thiol modifications, suggesting its high redox sensitivity and versatility. In addition, mBBr labeling on tyrosine residues was identified. Collectively, these data provide detailed biochemical characterization of redox‐induced modifications and changes of the BnSnRK2.6‐2C activity.

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Stomata

Lau

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Stomata are cellular pores on the aerial surface of plants. They open to allow the uptake of carbon dioxide and close to limit water loss, and thus are essential for plant growth and homeostasis. Stomata, which are common to almost all land plants, represent a critical evolutionary innovation of early land plants. A stoma is formed by a pair of guard cells, which are the final products of a specialised cell lineage. Mature guard cells mediate stomatal opening and closing by regulating the fluxes of ions, and hence water, in and out of the cells. To maximise fitness in the ever‐changing environments, both the development and movement of the stomatal guard cells are highly responsive to diverse environmental signals. These stomatal responses will likely play a key role in plant adaptation and agricultural production in the face of global climate change. Key Concepts Stomata are small adjustable pores on the leave surface that enable gas exchange. Open stomata allow the uptake of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, while closed stomata prevent excessive loss of water. During evolution, stomata enabled plants to survive the drier environments on land. The development of stomata involves several cell fate transition steps and is driven by cell‐type‐specific master transcription factors. Stomatal movements are controlled by a pair of guard cells, which change their cell volume through ion‐driven uptake and release of water. Environmental signals regulate both the development and movement of guard cells, allowing plants to best adapt to their surroundings. Stomata are likely to be important in the adaption of plants to global warming.

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Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO₂signal transduction in guard cell

Cited by 177 publications

References 95 publications

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

Characterization of thiol‐based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1‐related protein kinase 2.6‐2C

Stomata

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Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO2signal transduction in guard cell

Cited by 177 publications

References 95 publications

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

A molecular pathway for CO2 response in Arabidopsis guard cells

Characterization of thiol‐based redox modifications of Brassica napusSNF1‐related protein kinase 2.6‐2C

Stomata

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Central functions of bicarbonate in S-type anion channel activation and OST1 protein kinase in CO₂signal transduction in guard cell