Central macular thickness in patients with sickle cell disease and no signs of retinopathy: a cross-sectional study of Jordanian patients

Abstract

Objectives To measure central macular thickness in Jordanian patients with sickle cell disease who did not have retinopathy and compare the findings with age- and sex-matched controls using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT). Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants underwent visual acuity testing, slit-lamp bio-microscopy, dilated ophthalmoscopy, and SDOCT imaging to measure central macular thickness. Macular quadrant measurements and thickness difference indexes (TDIs) were compared between groups. Results Twenty eyes with sickle cell disease and 20 control eyes were enrolled. The median visual acuity in both groups was 20/20. The mean macular thickness was significantly lower in eyes with sickle cell disease than in matched controls (mean difference, 22.15 ± 6.44 µm). Peripheral quadrants were all significantly thinner in eyes with sickle cell disease, especially in superior and temporal quadrants. TDIs were lower in eyes with sickle cell disease than in control eyes. Conclusions Eyes with sickle cell disease that had no clinical evidence of retinopathy exhibited significantly lower central macular thickness in all quadrants, compared with eyes in age- and sex-matched controls. SDOCT is a non-invasive imaging modality that can detect preclinical changes in eyes with sickle cell disease and can be used to screen and monitor the disease process.

Incidence of eye complications among sickle cell disease patients in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

“…The sex ratio observed in our study was 1.25:1 (female-to-male). This is consistent with a study conducted in Jordan in which the sample population had a female-to-male ratio of 1.5:1 [ 14 ] and another study that had a female-to-male ratio of 2.38:1 [ 15 ]. However, it is known that no sex bias exists for SCD or SCD traits and that these observations of sex ratio biases may be attributed to probable sampling biases and small sample sizes.…”

Chronic Effects of e-Cigarette Aerosol Inhalation on Macular Perfusion Assessed Using OCT Angiography

“…The pattern of thinning in the user group vs the control group in our study seems to demonstrate congruence with the chronology of thinning observed in other known retinal disease processes. Structural central retinal thinning has been observed in retinal diseases such as sickle cell retinopathy and incontinentia pigmenti (IP), [19][20][21][22][23] with patients with sickle cell disease having thinner temporal and superior inner maculas 19 and patients with IP having thinner temporal inner maculas. In patients with sickle cell disease, early structural changes can be seen even if proliferative or nonproliferative retinopathy cannot yet be appreciated.…”