Central monoamines and their role in major depression

Elhwuegi, Abdalla Salem

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.018

Cited by 447 publications

(272 citation statements)

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“…A decrease in the levels of monoamines is considered to be an underlying cause of depression [5] and animal models should fulfill the criteria of resemblance in etiology, symptomatology and treatment of the respective disease [1] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

et al. 2011

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Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level) and hippocampal monoamine levels (markers of depression), plasma adrenalin level (a peripheral marker of stress) as well as fl uoro-jade C staining (a marker of neurodegeneration).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic (7 d) or chronic (14 d) FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment (3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d) were stained with fl uoro-jade C. ResultsThe rats subjected to swimming stress (acute, sub-chronic and chronic) showed long immobility times [(214 ± 5), (220 ± 4) and (231 ± 7) s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fl uoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression (monoamine levels) and internal stress (adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration), hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monoamine hypothesis of depression states that reduction in the levels of monoamines [serotonin (5-HT), noradrenalin (NA) and dopamine (DA)] in the brain underlies the pathophysiology of depression, and that antidepressants act by returning their levels to normal [5] .…”

Section: (The Global Burden Of Disease Who 2004) According Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced swimming stress does not affect monoamine levels and neurodegeneration in rats

et al. 2011

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“…Emerging evidence has shown that the serotonergic system is involved in MDD [104,105], mainly based on the control groups for mean resting-state connectivity between the dorsal nexus and the combined regions in dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (P \ 0.01) [71]. (reprint permission was obtained from both the publisher and the corresponding author) antidepressant effect of SSRIs.…”

Section: Pet and Spect Imaging Of Neurotransmittersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, Functional, and Structural Imaging of Major Depressive Disorder

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2016

Neurosci. Bull.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors. Molecular, functional, and structural imaging approaches have been increasingly used to detect neurobiological changes, analyze neurochemical correlates, and parse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD. We reviewed recent neuroimaging publications on MDD in terms of molecular, functional, and structural alterations as detected mainly by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography. Altered structure and function of brain regions involved in the cognitive control of affective state have been demonstrated. An abnormal default mode network, as revealed by resting-state functional MRI, is likely associated with aberrant metabolic and serotonergic function revealed by radionuclide imaging. Further multi-modal investigations are essential to clarify the characteristics of the cortical network and serotonergic system associated with behavioral and genetic variations in MDD.

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“…Approximately, one in five individuals is affected by significant symptoms of depression. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that major depression is the fourth most important cause worldwide of loss in disability adjusted life years, and will be the second most important cause by 2020 [2,3]. Clinically, depression is characterized by a wide range of significant symptoms, imitate alternation in cognitive, psychomotor, biological, motivational, behavioural and emotional processes and include an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death and suicidal tendency [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%