Central Nervous Mechanisms in Mechanoreceptive Sensibility

Mountcastle, Vernon B.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010318

Cited by 149 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 524 publications

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“…Geldard and Sherrick measured the degree of the sensation at various body sites and reported that the amplitude of the sensory saltation was in accordance with the size of the somatosensory receptive field constructed in S1 (Geldard, 1982;Geldard and Sherrick, 1983). Additionally, the illusory rabbit did not cross the body midline (Geldard, 1982), which is consistent with the basic definition that tactile information is represented in a lateralized manner up to S1 (Mountcastle, 1984). It was therefore argued that the cutaneous rabbit illusion is attributable to early somatotopic activity in S1.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The “Cutaneous Rabbit” Hopping out of the Body

Miyazaki¹,

Hirashima²,

Nozaki³

2010

J. Neurosci.

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Rapid sequential taps delivered first to one location and then to another on the skin create the somatosensory illusion that the tapping is occurring at intermediate locations between the actual stimulus sites, as if a small rabbit were hopping along the skin from the first site to the second (called the "cutaneous rabbit"). Previous behavioral studies have attributed this illusion to the early unimodal somatosensory body map. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study recently confirmed the association of the illusion with somatotopic activity in the primary somatosensory cortex. Thus, the cutaneous rabbit illusion has been confined to one's own body. In the present paper, however, we show that the cutaneous rabbit can "hop out of the body" onto an external object held by the subject. We delivered rapid sequential taps to the left and right index fingers. When the subjects held a stick such that it was laid across the tips of their index fingers and received the taps via the stick, they reported sensing the illusory taps in the space between the actual stimulus locations (i.e., along the stick). This suggests that the cutaneous rabbit effect involves not only the intrinsic somatotopic representation but also the representation of the extended body schema that results from body-object interactions.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 62%

The “Cutaneous Rabbit” Hopping out of the Body

Miyazaki¹,

Hirashima²,

Nozaki³

2010

J. Neurosci.

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“…In fact, the pyramidal tract section in monkeys showed similar effects on grip force control to those following the dorsal column section. 19 In contrast, neither the JOA score nor the grip-and-release test, both of which mainly reflect limb spasticity, correlated significantly with 'P m1 ' in Experiment 1 and 'VIs' in Experiment 2. Unlike spasticity, dysfunctions of the proprioceptive and tactile feedback systems impair the ability to maintain or modulate position or force, 20 because the systems generally operate relatively slowly.…”

Section: Multiple Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 77%

A new method for characterizing hand dysfunction in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a preliminary study

et al. 2015

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Study design: A case-control investigation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to quantitatively study impaired ability to appropriately adjust pinch strength while holding a small object in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM). Setting: Kochi Medical School Hospital, Japan. Methods: The subjects consisted of 19 CSM patients who had frequent episodes of failing to grasp and hold small objects in their daily life (Group A), 13 CSM patients who did not experience such episodes (Group B) and 16 healthy subjects (Control Group). We continuously measured the dynamic internal pressure of a pneumatic rubber object called a blower pinched by the subject, following two different sets of instructions: (1) pinching with eyes open and with the minimal strength required to prevent dropping; and (2) maintaining a constant pinch strength at given levels with eyes closed. Results: Compared with the other two groups, Group A subjects used a significantly (Po0.01) greater pinch strength to avoid dropping the blower held with eyes open and showed a significantly (Po0.01) greater deviation in pinch strength from the baseline values with eyes closed. These tendencies in Group A showed a significant correlation with the tactile perception threshold of the digits (Po0.01) but not with impairment of rapid repetitive movements of the digits that reflects spasticity. Conclusion: Our technique applied to CSM patients helps assess functional integrity primarily, if not exclusively, of the fasciculus cuneatus mediating the feedback signals from proprioceptive and cutaneous receptors in the digits, which are otherwise difficult to evaluate quantitatively.

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“…The mapping studies reported by Rausell and Jones (199 1) and in our earlier papers confirm the place and modality specificity of the rod domain, and the retrograde labeling studies of the pres- ent and previous studies (Jones et al, 1982; confirm the projection of rodlike arrays of cells in VPM to focal domains in the SI cortex. These are indications of the modularity to be anticipated from the trigeminal equivalent ofthe dorsal columnlemniscal system (Dykes, 1983;Mountcastle, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One of these, the cytochrome oxidase-(CO) rich rod domain, contains cells immunoreactive for the calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin, and for a surface proteoglycan identified by the monoclonal antibody, CAT 30 1. It shows a high degree of modular organization of place-and modality-specific cells similar to that demonstrable at other levels of the lemniscal component of the somatic sensory pathways (Mountcastle, 1984). The second compartment, the COweak matrix domain, is selectively immunoreactive for another calcium-binding protein, 28-kDa calbindin, and is CAT 301 negative.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Chemically distinct compartments of the thalamic VPM nucleus in monkeys relay principal and spinal trigeminal pathways to different layers of the somatosensory cortex

1991

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The ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) of the monkey thalamus was investigated with combined immunocytochemical, histochemical, and connection-tracing techniques. Injections of anterogradely transported tracers were placed selectively in the caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal nuclear complex, and retrogradely transported horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or fluorescent dyes were placed on the surface or into the depths of defined parts of the trigeminal representation in the first somatic sensory area (SI) of the cerebral cortex. The results are correlated with those of the preceding paper (Rausell and Jones, 1991), which demonstrated the presence of 2 domains in the nucleus on the basis of different patterns of cytochrome oxidase (CO) staining and calcium-binding protein immunoreactivity. The cells of the CO-defined rod and matrix domains receive inputs from different components of the trigeminal afferent system and project to different layers of SI. The large- and medium-sized relay cells of the CO-rich rods, which are immunoreactive for parvalbumin, all project to middle layers of SI. The small relay cells of the weakly-stained CO-matrix, surrounding and intervening between the rods, are immunoreactive for 28-kDa calbindin and project to superficial layers (I and II) of SI. Anterograde tracing studies reveal that the rod domain in VPM is innervated by fibers arising in the contra- and ipsilateral principal trigeminal nucleus, while the matrix domain (and calbindin-positive domains in adjacent nuclei) are innervated by fibers arising in the caudal nucleus of the spinal trigeminal complex. These results demonstrate the modularity and parallel streaming of the functional components of the trigeminal part of the somatic sensory system and suggest that lemniscal and nonlemniscal elements of the system gain access by separate routes to different layers of the SI cortex.

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Central Nervous Mechanisms in Mechanoreceptive Sensibility

Cited by 149 publications

References 524 publications

The “Cutaneous Rabbit” Hopping out of the Body

The “Cutaneous Rabbit” Hopping out of the Body

A new method for characterizing hand dysfunction in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a preliminary study

Chemically distinct compartments of the thalamic VPM nucleus in monkeys relay principal and spinal trigeminal pathways to different layers of the somatosensory cortex

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