Central nervous system

Rosenblum, Marc K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-06969-4.00016-7

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1,176 publications

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“…Pylocitic astrocytoma (grade I) usually occurs in children or young adults, while astocytomas of other grades are typically diagnosed in adults. 1,3 GBM is the most common and deadliest malignant primary brain tumor in adults, classified as grade IV astrocytoma. Medulloblastoma is the most common embryonal tumor (these are tumors that arise from embryonal or immature cells at the earliest stage of their development); 3 it occurs in children and young adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3 GBM is the most common and deadliest malignant primary brain tumor in adults, classified as grade IV astrocytoma. Medulloblastoma is the most common embryonal tumor (these are tumors that arise from embryonal or immature cells at the earliest stage of their development); 3 it occurs in children and young adults. Meningiomas are tumors of meningothelial cells; they appear in childhood or adolescence, but most are diagnosed in middle or later adult life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atypical meningiomas (grade II) show more cellularity, mitotic activity and foci of necrosis than grade I meningiomas. 1,3 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different immunohistochemical levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 in a subset of brain tumors and putative role of Hsp60 in neuroepithelial tumorigenesis

Rappa¹,

Unti²,

Baiamonte³

et al. 2013

Eur J Histochem

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In this work we analysed, by immunohistochemistry, a series of brain tumors to detect the levels and cellular distribution of Hsp60 and Hsp70. We found that Hsp60 levels were significantly higher than those of Hsp70 in neuroepithelial tumors, while levels of both molecules were not significantly different from each other in meningeal neoplasms. In particular, Hsp60 immunopositivity was present mainly at the cytoplasmic level, while Hsp70 immunopositivity was found both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of tumor cells. The levels of these molecules in healthy control cells were always very low. Finally, Hsp60 and Hsp70 levels did not correlate with the different types (WHO grade) of neoplasm. Our results are partially in agreement with previous studies and suggest that Hsp60 is not increased by a passive phenomenon (e.g., due to the stress caused by the peritumor environment on cancer cells) but may be actively implicated in tumor progression, e.g. inhibiting tumor cell death or antitumor immune system response, as already postulated in vitro. We also briefly discuss the most recent publications on the extramitochondrial localization of Hsp60 in tumor cells and its role in tumor progression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different immunohistochemical levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 in a subset of brain tumors and putative role of Hsp60 in neuroepithelial tumorigenesis

Rappa¹,

Unti²,

Baiamonte³

et al. 2013

Eur J Histochem

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“…In case of ganglioglioma, glial component is typically astrocytic and GFAP positive. [14] Differential imaging considerations; including hemangioblastoma, glial tumor, diffuse astrocytoma, desmoplastic medulloblastoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, subacute infarct, cerebellitis, or tumefactive demyelination; are limited by the pathognomonic appearance on MRI. [15] Despite the benign nature of the lesion, surgical excision is the treatment of choice for large lesions with mass effect on ventricles, although most centres may prefer conservative management in asymptomatic cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum – a case of cerebellar lesion, finally diagnosed five years later

Nagose

Jadhav

Kasukurthi

et al. 2018

APALM

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Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum, also called as Lhermitte-Duclos Disease (LDD), is a rare condition. The importance of diagnosing it is to rule out co-existant Cowden's syndrome by thorough clinical examination in view of increased risk of visceral malignancy associated with the latter. Though considered as hamartomatous lesion by some, it is mentioned as a tumour of central nervous system by WHO (Grade I). A lesion, seen in young adults usually, presents with signs & symptoms of raised intracranial tension.We herein describe a casethat came with the symptoms of obstructive hydrocephalus five years back and diagnosed as having some tiny cerebellar lesion on imaging. As the patient was not willing to have biopsy done for definitive diagnosis at that time, it remained undiscovered till present. This time, classical MRI finding (tiger stripes appearance) &diagnostic histopathological features were seen leading to the diagnosis. Association with Cowden's syndrome was not found in this case.

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“…ECs are benign, ectodermally‐derived, congenital, neuraxis lesions that presumably arise from entrapment of surface ectoderm within the developing central nervous system during closure of the neural groove . The incidence of ECs in animals and humans appears to be low as there are only sporadic case reports in dogs, horses, mice and rats .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic challenge: right head tilt and depression in a dog

Chalkley

Bouljihad

2014

Aust Veterinary J

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Section 1 Clinical history and neurological examinationA 2-year-old male neutered Boston Terrier was initially presented to the primary care clinician with an acute onset of right head tilt and depression. The neurological signs progressively worsened over the following 4 days during which time seizure-like episodes were observed.Antibiotic therapy failed to alleviate the neurological clinical signs. The dog was then admitted to the referral clinic for neurological evaluation.General physical examination by the referral veterinary neurologist was unremarkable and neurological examination confirmed the rightsided head tilt and somnolence. Blood glucose and ammonia levels were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large cystic mass involving the fourth ventricle, cerebellum and brainstem (Figure 1). The mass was hypointense on T1-weighted and hyperintense on T2-weighted images, relative to the surrounding parenchyma. The mass was surrounded by a hyperintense rim on post-contrast images. The clinical signs did not resolve with intra-venous mannitol and diazepam and given the cost and questionable outcome, euthanasia was elected. The dog was subsequently submitted for necropsy. Gross pathologyThe most significant macroscopic postmortem finding was a 22 × 15 × 15 mm mass within and expanding the fourth ventricle, extending into the mesencephalic aqueduct and compressing the cerebellum and brainstem ( Figure 1A). The mass was bilobed, well-demarcated, noninfiltrative and white to beige with a moderately firm outer rim and granular to friable centre. There was moderate, diffuse symmetrical lateral ventricular dilation with slight attenuation of the adjacent neural parenchyma. Diagnostic challengeFormulate differential diagnoses from the clinical history, gross pathology ( Figure 1A) and MRI findings ( Figure 1B); then turn the page.

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Central nervous system

Cited by 8 publications

References 1,176 publications

Different immunohistochemical levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 in a subset of brain tumors and putative role of Hsp60 in neuroepithelial tumorigenesis

Different immunohistochemical levels of Hsp60 and Hsp70 in a subset of brain tumors and putative role of Hsp60 in neuroepithelial tumorigenesis

Dysplastic Gangliocytoma of the Cerebellum – a case of cerebellar lesion, finally diagnosed five years later

Diagnostic challenge: right head tilt and depression in a dog

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