Central Nervous System

Tuladhar, Anup; Mitrousis, Nikolaos; Führmann, Tobias; Shoichet, Molly S.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410396-2.00030-x

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 216 publications

(223 reference statements)

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“…ROCK 1 and ROCK 2 pathway controls cell contraction, motility, proliferation, gene expression and apoptosis [ 145 ] and regulates inflammatory responses and mediates inflammatory cell infiltration and migration. RhoA/Rho kinases regulate neuroinflammation, neuropathic pains and apoptosis during SCI [ 145 ] and the production of cytokines such as necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and CXC chemokines [ 146 ]. ROCK reduces leukocyte infiltration, cytokine production and lymphocyte proliferation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ROCK2 enhances apoptosis by increasing Fas-induced cell death. Rho-kinase activates phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and promotes ROS production to induce apoptosis [ 146 ] ( Figure 9 ). (iii) Thirdly, RhoA/ROCK pathway also prevents axon from regeneration by stimulating myelin-associated glycoprotein inhibitors such as Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) [ 148 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(iii) Thirdly, RhoA/ROCK pathway also prevents axon from regeneration by stimulating myelin-associated glycoprotein inhibitors such as Nogo, myelin-associated glycoprotein and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMgp) [ 148 ]. The myelin-associated glycoprotein is involved in axon regeneration, and its inhibition results in further axonal degeneration [ 146 ]. Hence, neuro-regenerative strategies should act on one or more events initiated by the Rho/ROCK pathway.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms

Anjum

Yazid

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et al. 2020

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Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological and pathological state that causes major motor, sensory and autonomic dysfunctions. Its pathophysiology comprises acute and chronic phases and incorporates a cascade of destructive events such as ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammatory events, apoptotic pathways and locomotor dysfunctions. Many therapeutic strategies have been proposed to overcome neurodegenerative events and reduce secondary neuronal damage. Efforts have also been devoted in developing neuroprotective and neuro-regenerative therapies that promote neuronal recovery and outcome. Although varying degrees of success have been achieved, curative accomplishment is still elusive probably due to the complex healing and protective mechanisms involved. Thus, current understanding in this area must be assessed to formulate appropriate treatment modalities to improve SCI recovery. This review aims to promote the understanding of SCI pathophysiology, interrelated or interlinked multimolecular interactions and various methods of neuronal recovery i.e., neuroprotective, immunomodulatory and neuro-regenerative pathways and relevant approaches.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms

Anjum

Yazid

Daud

et al. 2020

IJMS

679

419

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The human central nervous system (CNS), comprising primarily the brain and spinal cord, is a complex and intertwined network of millions of cells that control movements, senses, cognition, and emotions . Injuries to the CNS are diverse and widespread, including neurodegenerative diseases, neurodevelopmental diseases, and traumatic injuries, all largely contributing to morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroactive Smart Materials for Neural Tissue Regeneration

Pinho

Cunha

Lanceros‐Méndez

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Repair in the human nervous system is a complex and intertwined process which offers significant challenges to its study and comprehension. Taking advantage of the progress in fields such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the scientific community has witnessed a strong increase of biomaterial-based approaches for neural tissue regenerative therapies.Electroactive materials, increasingly being used as sensors and actuators, also find application in neurosciences due to their ability to deliver electrical signals to the cells and tissues. The use of electrical signals for repairing impaired neural tissue presents therefore an interesting and innovative approach to bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical applications in the next few years. In this review, first a general overview of electroactive materials, their historical origin and characteristics is presented. Then, a comprehensive view of the applications of electroactive smart materials for neural tissue regeneration is presented, with particular focus on the context of spinal cord injury and brain repair. Finally, the major challenges of the field are discussed and the main challenges for the near future presented. Overall, it is concluded that electroactive smart materials are playing an ever-increasing role in neural tissue regeneration, appearing as potentially valuable biomaterials for regenerative purposes.

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“…The HNS is primarily composed by two branches. The first is the central nervous system (CNS), which is formed by the brain and spinal cord and is responsible for cognition, movement, the senses, and emotions (Jacobson, Marcus, & Pugsley, 2018;Tuladhar et al, 2015). The CHAPTER 1 second is the peripheral nervous system, which is divided into the somatic nervous system and the ANS and is in charge of bringing information from and to the CNS.…”

Section: The Autonomic Nervous Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The body as a tattletale : Physiological responses to food stimuli perception within the context of expectations

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Central Nervous System

Cited by 4 publications

References 216 publications

Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms

Spinal Cord Injury: Pathophysiology, Multimolecular Interactions, and Underlying Recovery Mechanisms

Electroactive Smart Materials for Neural Tissue Regeneration

The body as a tattletale : Physiological responses to food stimuli perception within the context of expectations

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