Central Nervous System Effects of Ginkgo Biloba, a Plant Extract

Turan, M.; Eralp, Emin; Tsambis, Elias; Kurt, Zühal; Stein, Ulrich

doi:10.1097/00045391-199601000-00009

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…Because an alpha 1 increase was found in both studies after acute administration, such an EEG effect is certainly of interest. This finding, in addition to the increases in absolute slow beta and total powers with the 2 highest doses reported in our study, indicates vigilance-promoting effects of S 17092 reminiscent of cognitive enhancers [15,20,21] . These acute EEG changes occurred around 1-4 h after dose, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Psychotropic Profile of S 17092, a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Using Quantitative EEG in Young Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2007

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The central activity of S 17092, a prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) inhibitor, was investigated by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) in 48 young healthy men participating in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. S 17092 (100, 200, 400 or 600 mg) and placebo were administered once daily for 10 days in a rising multiple-dose scheme. EEG recordings were performed before and repeatedly from 0.5 to 24 h after dose on day 1 and day 10. PEP activity in plasma was also measured for the same periods. S 17092 appeared as a potent inhibitor of PEP activity at all doses, after both single and repeated administrations. EEG changes after acute doses were slight and of short duration, mainly characterized by increased relative alpha 1 power, suggesting a vigilance-promoting EEG profile. After repeated doses and more strikingly after a superimposed dose, increases in relative alpha 1 power were still present with additional increase in relative delta power and decreases in absolute fast alpha, fast beta, theta powers and total power at all doses. These EEG findings suggest that S 17092 might possess some mood-stabilizing potential in addition to its cognition-enhancing properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Psychotropic Profile of S 17092, a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Using Quantitative EEG in Young Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2007

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“…48) On the other hand, numerous medications such as antioxidants, radical scavengers and calcium antagonists have been approved for the treatment of VD around the world. 49) In the line of this, our present study demonstrated that the effect of breviscapine on ischemic vascular dementia in rats could be due to its antioxidant action. However, the present results do not exclude the possibility that other mechanisms participate in the action of Breviscapine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Protective Effects of Breviscapine on Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Rats

Xiong

Liu

Wang

et al. 2006

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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With an increase of elderly population, aging-related diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and different forms of dementia are also increased. 1) One of these diseases is vascular dementia (VD). VD is a step-wise deterioration in intellectual powers that appear as different areas of the brain are damaged by loss of blood supply.2,3) The conventional concept of VD is that of multi-infarct dementia, 3,4) arising from chronic cerebral ischemia and various vascular changes in the brain.5) It is reported that the reduction in cerebral blood flow and abnormal energy metabolism occurred in chronic cerebral ischemia can induce the accumulation of NO and ROS which lead to neurons injury in selective, vulnerable regions of the brain, especially the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, accompanied by cognitive decline and some motor disorders. [6][7][8] In oriental medicine, many traditional Chinese drugs have been used clinically for treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. 9) Breviscapine is extracted from the traditional Chinese drug Erigeron Breviscapus (vant.) Hand.-Mazz and mainly composed of Scutellarein, Plantaginin and Pyromeconic acid. 10,11) The injection preparation of breviscapine has been used in clinic to treat cardiovascular diseases, cerebral infarction and stroke in China. 3,10,11) The clinical reports suggested that the injection of breviscapine (0.5 mg/kg, i.v. gtt, qd, 15 d) possess neuroprotective action and improves learning and memory in cerebrovascular diseases.12,13) Although the curative effect of breviscapine in cerebral infarction and cerebral ischemia is obvious, there is no data available for this drug in treatment of VD. In this study, the effects of chronic treatment with breviscapine on the learning deficits, neuronal injury and antioxidative properties in VD rats were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animal Models and Drug AdministrationThe vascular dementia models were made from the male Wistar rats (6 weeks, 230Ϯ10 g), which were obtained from the Experimental Animals Center of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Wistar rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries to induce chronic cerebral ischemia and mimic the VD models.14) The experimental protocols were approved by the Committee of Animal Care of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.The injection of breviscapine (Bre, Bath No. z5302066, China) was purchased from Kunming Long-Jin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Tacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine HCl), a reference drug for behavioral test, was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.) and dissolved in physiological saline. Fifteen days after surgery, the male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups, e.g., sham-operated group, model group, Bre-treated group and tacrine-treated group. The Bre-treated group was administered with breviscapine (2 mg/kg, i.p., equal 0.33 mg/kg adult dose, once a day). Tacrine was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 3 mg/kg. The sham-ope...

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“…Of the eight well-performed trials, all showed a significant benefit for the ginkgo group (28,29). Electroencephalographic changes after acute administration of ginkgo extract are unique among psychoactive drugs and are consistent with effects seen with other nootropic agents (30,31).…”

Section: Effects Of Dietary Supplementsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

2018

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intellectual and Developmental Disorders

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Alternative therapies are widely used by consumers. A number of herbs and dietary supplements have demonstrable effects on mood, memory, and insomnia. There is a significant amount of evidence supporting the use of Hypericum perforatum (St. John's wort) for depression and Ginkgo biloba for dementia. Results of randomized, controlled trials also support the use of kava for anxiety and valerian for insomnia. Although evidence for the use of vitamins and amino acids as sole agents for psychiatric symptoms is not strong, there is intriguing preliminary evidence for the use of folate, tryptophan, and phenylalanine as adjuncts to enhance the effectiveness of conventional antidepressants. S-adenosylmethionine seems to have antidepressant effects, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, may have mood-stabilizing effects. More research should be conducted on these and other natural products for the prevention and treatment of various psychiatric disorders.

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Central Nervous System Effects of Ginkgo Biloba, a Plant Extract

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Psychotropic Profile of S 17092, a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Using Quantitative EEG in Young Healthy Volunteers

Psychotropic Profile of S 17092, a Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor, Using Quantitative EEG in Young Healthy Volunteers

Protective Effects of Breviscapine on Ischemic Vascular Dementia in Rats

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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