Central Nervous System Intraoperative Cytopathology

Lacruz, César R.; Santamaría, Javier Sáenz de; Bardales, Ricardo H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8429-5

Cited by 5 publications

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“…6 Smears of CPC are hypercellular composed of irregular papillary clusters and single cells with hyperchromatic irregular nuclei, prominent nucleoli with background showing necrosis. 8 Microscopically they show frank malignant histologic features characterized by increased cellular density, nuclear pleomorphism, frequent mitosis, blurring of papillary growth pattern and necrosis. CPCs show immunoreactivity for cytokeratins, less frequently for S-100, transthyretin and is negative for EMA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report

Das

Bhushan²,

Kathireshan³

2022

IJPO

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Choroid plexus carcinoma is a rare aggressive malignant epithelial neoplasm (WHO grade III) arising from choroid plexus epithelium. It commonly occurs in children arising in lateral ventricles. This tumour has a tendency for recurrence and metastatic dissemination along cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathway. We report a case of 11 month old boy presenting with hydrocephalus, irritability and vomiting. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) brain and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain with contrast revealed a mass lesion within right lateral ventricle and hydrocephalus. Surgical resection was done and the excised tissue was sent for cytology and histopathological examination and a diagnosis of choroid plexus carcinoma was made.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report

Das

Bhushan²,

Kathireshan³

2022

IJPO

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“…It is logical to believe that similar or greater difficulties may be present on cytologic examination. On smears, pineocytoma is seen as a discohesive cellular lesion composed of small, uniform round cells resembling what is seen in central neurocytoma . Little is known about the cytomorphology of PPTID .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic features of the normal pineal gland of adults

Jiménez‐Heffernan

Bárcena

Agra

et al. 2015

Diagnostic Cytopathology

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It is well known that the histology of normal pineal gland may resemble not only pineal tumors but also gliomas, owing to its cellularity which is much greater than that of normal white or gray matter. Our recent experience with a case in which part of a normal gland was submitted for intraoperative consultation, together with the scarcity of cytologic descriptions, led us to perform a cyto-histologic correlation study. In addition to the intraoperative case, we collected five pineal glands from consecutive adult autopsies. During the squash procedure, we often noted the presence of calcified grains. Smears were hypercellular, distributed in tissue fibrillary fragments and as numerous single cells, with crystalline structures. Pineal gland cells (pineocytes) were large, round, epithelioid with ill-defined cytoplasms and moderate nuclear pleomorphism. Spindle cells with greater fibrillary quality were less common. One of the most remarkable findings seen in all cases was the presence of cytoplasmic pigment. Histological evaluation and immunohistochemical staining confirmed that the tissue was normal pineal gland. The histology showed a characteristic lobular aspect and frequent corpora arenacea. The pigment seen cytologically was also encountered in histology and corresponded to lipofuscin. Cytologic features of the pineal gland are peculiar when compared to other normal structures of the central nervous system. These features correlate closely with what is seen on histology. In an adequate clinical context, and in combination with frozen sections, cytology allows a specific recognition of the pineal gland during intraoperative pathologic consultations.

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“…With respect to purely morphologic data, reactive astrocytes tend to remain uncrowded and evenly spaced; the cytoplasm has a starburst appearance with several well‐defined thin processes; and the nucleus displays minimal, if any, atypia. These nuclear changes are more of the reactive type (increase in size and binucleation) than authentic atypia (hyperchromatism and irregular contours) …”

Section: Tumors Expected Anywhere In the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This serves multiple purposes: it assesses specimen adequacy and thus prevents a second biopsy; it separates neoplastic processes from nonneoplastic ones and avoids unnecessary surgery; it can distinguish tumors amenable to gross total resection (ie, ependymomas) from tumors that are not (ie, germinomas); and it enables tissue allocation for tumor banking, molecular testing, cultures, or other ancillary techniques. For this demanding diagnostic activity, squash cytology (SC) can be the best ally, especially for evaluating soft or highly cellular tumors and for providing a preliminary diagnosis from a small specimen, such as that obtained by stereotactic biopsy . Most pediatric CNS tumors are soft and/or highly cellular, and they are frequently biopsied by stereotactic or neuroendoscopic methods, particularly when they are within a delicate anatomic structure such as the brainstem, third ventricle, or pineal region; thus, they benefit from SC evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative consultation on pediatric central nervous system tumors by squash cytology

Lacruz

Catalina-Fernández

Bardales³

et al. 2015

Cancer Cytopathology

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Squash cytology (SC) is a very useful procedure during neurosurgical intraoperative consultation (IOC), and it is especially recommended for the evaluation of soft tumors or tumors that are highly cellular (just the characteristics of pediatric central nervous system [CNS] tumors). The aim of this review is to familiarize pathologists with the range of cytomorphologic appearances that can occur during IOC for pediatric CNS tumors and with the diagnostic dilemmas and pitfalls encountered in this setting. This article is based on the medical literature and the authors' experience with a large series of cases accrued over a 12-year period at 3 institutions. SC is a specially recommended procedure in IOC for pediatric CNS tumors; it reveals the fine cellular details and background features in a manner not seen in corresponding frozen sections. Indeed, a differential diagnosis between histologically look-alike processes can be achieved with more confidence if SC is employed. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:331-46.

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Central Nervous System Intraoperative Cytopathology

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report

Choroid plexus carcinoma: A case report

Cytologic features of the normal pineal gland of adults

Intraoperative consultation on pediatric central nervous system tumors by squash cytology

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