Central Neural Mechanisms of Taste

Norgren, Ralph

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010324

Cited by 88 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…Although gustatory neurons have been documented repeatedly in the PB of rats, hamsters, and rabbits, few of these studies specifically mapped the distribution of taste within the nuclei (Di Lorenzo and Schwartzbaum, 1982;Norgren, 1984). This complicates differentiating taste and visceral afferent function within the nuclei, particularly when some overlap or convergence may exist between them (Hermann et al, 1983).…”

Section: Parabrachial Nucleimentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Gustatory responses have been recorded from neurons in the hypothalamus, amygdala, and the intervening substantia innominata Norgren, 1984;Norgren et al, 1989;Yamamoto et al, 1989;Nishijo et al, 1998Nishijo et al, , 2000Li et al, 2013). These gustatory neurons are neither pure nor plentiful.…”

Section: Parabrachial Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The focus of this chapter is on the organization of the gustatory system within the rodent brain. More detailed accounts of other aspects of taste, including neural coding and its central organization in other species, are available in both books and review articles (Cagan, 1989;Getchell et al, 1991;Simon et al, 1993;Finger et al, 2000), as are a variety of different perspectives (Norgren, 1984(Norgren, , 1985(Norgren, ,1990Norgren et al, 1989;Hettinger and Frank, 1992;Scott, 1992;Gilbertson et al, 2000;Smith and Margolskee, 2001;Spector and Travers, 2005;Frank et al, 2008;Carleton et al, 2010;Yoshida and Ninomiya, 2010;Fernstrom et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gustatory System

Lundy

Norgren

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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Section: Parabrachial Nucleimentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Parabrachial Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Gustatory System

Lundy

Norgren

2015

The Rat Nervous System

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“…From here the majority of taste neurons project to the pontine parabrachial nucleus (PBN) (Cho et al 2002). At the level of the PBN the rodent gustatory pathway bifurcates into two pathways: a ventral ''affective'' projection to the hypothalamus, central gray, ventral striatum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and amygdala and a dorsal ''sensory'' pathway, which first synapses in the thalamus and then the agranular and dysgranular insular gustatory cortex (Norgren and Leonard 1971;Norgren 1976Norgren , 1984Norgren , 1990Kosar et al 1986). …”

Section: Interspecies Differences In the Taste Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taste representation in the human insula

2010

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The sense of taste exists so that organisms can detect potential nutrients and toxins. Despite the fact that this ability is of critical importance to all species there appear to be significant interspecies differences in gustatory organization. For example, monkeys and humans lack a pontine taste relay, which is a critical relay underlying taste and feeding behavior in rodents. In addition, and of particular relevance to this special issue, the primary taste cortex appears to be located further caudally in the insular cortex in humans compared to in monkeys. The primary aim of this paper is to review the evidence that supports this possibility. It is also suggested that one parsimonious explanation for this apparent interspecies differences is that if, as Craig suggests, the far anterior insular cortex is newly evolved and unique to humans, then the human taste cortex may only appear to be located further caudally because it is no longer the anterior-most section of insular cortex. In addition to discussing the location of taste representation in human insular cortex, evidence is presented to support the possibility that this region is better conceptualized as an integrated oral sensory region that plays role in feeding behavior, rather than as unimodal sensory cortex.

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“…Of particular interest is that in primates there is a direct projection from the rostral part of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) to the taste thalamus and thus to the primary taste cortex in the frontal operculum and adjoining insula, with no pontine taste area and associated subcortical projections as in rodents (Norgren 1984;Pritchard et al 1986). This emphasis on cortical processing of taste in primates may be related to the great development of the cerebral cortex in primates.…”

Section: Taste Processing In the Primate Brain (A) Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain mechanisms underlying flavour and appetite

Rolls

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

210

167

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Complementary neurophysiological recordings in macaques and functional neuroimaging in humans show that the primary taste cortex in the rostral insula and adjoining frontal operculum provides separate and combined representations of the taste, temperature and texture (including viscosity and fat texture) of food in the mouth independently of hunger and thus of reward value and pleasantness. One synapse on, in the orbitofrontal cortex, these sensory inputs are for some neurons combined by learning with olfactory and visual inputs. Different neurons respond to different combinations, providing a rich representation of the sensory properties of food. In the orbitofrontal cortex, feeding to satiety with one food decreases the responses of these neurons to that food, but not to other foods, showing that sensory-specific satiety is computed in the primate (including human) orbitofrontal cortex. Consistently, activation of parts of the human orbitofrontal cortex correlates with subjective ratings of the pleasantness of the taste and smell of food. Cognitive factors, such as a word label presented with an odour, influence the pleasantness of the odour and the activation produced by the odour in the orbitofrontal cortex. These findings provide a basis for understanding how what is in the mouth is represented by independent information channels in the brain; how the information from these channels is combined; and how and where the reward and subjective affective value of food is represented and is influenced by satiety signals. Activation of these representations in the orbitofrontal cortex may provide the goal for eating, and understanding them helps to provide a basis for understanding appetite and its disorders.

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Central Neural Mechanisms of Taste

Cited by 88 publications

References 261 publications

Gustatory System

Gustatory System

Taste representation in the human insula

Brain mechanisms underlying flavour and appetite

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