Central Obesity and Associated Factors Among Urban Adults in Dire Dawa Administrative City, Eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Background Central obesity (CO) is a medical problem in which extra fat is accumulated in the abdomen and stomach extent that it may harm health. Furthermore, previous studies in Ethiopia predominantly relied on body mass index used to measure obesity and do not show distribution of fat. However, there is a paucity of information on the measurement of central obesity using waist circumference and associated factors in Ethiopia particularly in the study area. Hence, the purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of central obesity and associated factors among urban adults in Dire Dawa, administrative city, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 633 adults in selected kebeles of administrative city from October 15 to November 15, 2020. A multistage and systematic sampling procedure was used to select study participants. Central obesity is defined as a condition with waist circumference ≥83.7 cm for men and ≥78 cm for women with or without general obesity (GO). Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval was estimated to identify factors associated with central obesity using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results The overall prevalence of central obesity was 76.1%; at 95% CI (73%, 80%). Associated factors of central obesity were age 45 years and above [AOR = 3.75, 95% CI (1.86, 7.55)], being female [AOR = 2.52, 95% CI: (1.62, 3.94)], alcohol consumption [AOR = 2.61, 95% CI: (1.69, 4.05], physical inactivity [AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: (1.23, 3.42)], and two hour and more time spent on watching television [AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: (1.59, 6.82)]. Conclusion The study shows central obesity was high in the study area. Age 45 years and above, being females, married, physically inactive, alcohol consumption, and spending a long time watching television was associated with central obesity. Having regular physical activity, limiting alcohol drinking, and limiting time spent watching television were recommended to prevent central obesity and associated risk among adults.

Prevalence of central obesity and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…All included studies were employed by cross-sectional study design. Of these, five studies were community-based, whereas 15 were institutional-based cross-sectional studies: six studies in Amhara ( 25 , 33 – 37 ), five studies in Addis Ababa ( 38 – 42 ), three studies in Tigray ( 43 – 45 ), two studies in Oromia ( 46 , 47 ), two studies in Dire Dawa ( 26 , 48 ), one study in Southern Nations Nationalists and Peoples Region ( 49 ), and one study in Harari ( 50 ). The sample sizes ranged from 225 to 1,935.…”

“…This higher figure of central obesity attributed to increased gender differences ( 36 , 51 ), educational attainment and socioeconomic status ( 52 ), physical inactivity ( 26 ), and other diseases such as diabetes and hypertension ( 25 , 53 ). Consistent with our result, the global prevalence of central obesity was reported to be 41.5% ( 54 ).…”

“…In Ethiopia, numerous cross-sectional studies have investigated the prevalence of central obesity and its associated factors among adults. These small and fragmented studies reported that central obesity among adults varied from 16.45% in Northern Ethiopia ( 25 ) to 76.1% in Eastern Ethiopia ( 26 ). These studies are small in sample size and confined in a certain geographic area, which cannot show the country-level prevalence of central obesity.…”

Association of body mass index with clinical variants of psoriasis

“…Study limitations: BMI evaluates excess weight rather than excess fat [28], consequently it poorly distinguishes between fat mass and bone or lean mass [29]. Waist circumference is recommended as additional measurement for fat distribution regarding its high correlation with visceral fat [30].…”

Waist-to-height ratio and new-onset hypertension in middle-aged and older adult females from 2011 to 2015: A 4-year follow-up retrospective cohort study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

“…However, the growth of age was also closely related to central obesity (4,5). For a higher proportion of body fat and sex hormones difference, the incidence of central obesity was higher among females than males (6)(7)(8). As general obesity showed little relationship, higher relevance between central obesity and different metabolic-related diseases was illustrated (9)(10)(11).…”